Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology EssayA medicate delivery system fundament be defined as the mechanism for the demonstration of medicate and other therapeutic agents into the body for treating any disease. An ideal drug delivery system possesses two elements (1) the ability to target -to ensure high qualification and reduce the post effects, (2) controlled drug release (3) prevention of side effects 8. Using nanomaterials for drug delivery NDD (nanoparticle drug delivery) has the following advantagesreduced drug perniciousnessbetter penetration of the particlesdifferent delivery routesminimizes the irritant reactionsimproved bio-availability and increased circulation timecontrolled drug release and targetingIt is one of the Green Technology methods as the focalize is on minimizing the hazard side effects and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical (drug) of choice and replacing the existing products with new nanoparticles that be friendly passim their lifecycle8, 7.QUANTUM DOTS FOR NDDSNDDS means Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. A system with high sensitivity, large block, and low cost is needed for the maintenance of drug delivery i.e. to check the nanocarrier distribution, drug release and degradation inside the body. Quantum Dots are highly suitable for such systems.1 The main(prenominal) characteristics of Quantum dots which make them suitable for drug delivery systems are small size, versatility of move up chemistry to incorporate various drugs, unique optical properties for concrete time monitoring of drug transport and release both at systemic and cellular levels. These Quantum Dots can be utilize as carriers by compound with many another(prenominal) drugs and overly used as tags for other drug carriers. 6WHY QUANTUM DOTSOne of the beta reasons why Quantum Dots are preferred is that it can be used for the traceable drug delivery as it has the potential to elucidate the pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and p harmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body) of drug when it is introduced into our body 6. Using QDs get out be a combination of unique physical, chemical, and optical properties which helps to study the interactions of these nanocarriers with biological systems through real-time monitoring and calculating the biodistribution of nanoparticle, drug release, intracellular breathing in and degradation 5. Comparing to the conventional imaging techniques manage MRI and PET, the optical imaging using Quantum Dots is highly sensitive with high resolution and at very cheap cost which entrust automatically lead to the reduction of time involved in the development of new drug and many discoveries in the field 6.ADVANTAGES OF USING QDsOptical imaging with high resolution, high sensitivity, quaternatexing, and low costSmall size which leads to less amount of drug workout and low drug toxicityVersatile surface chemistry,Improved bioavailability and delivery of drug in a controlled and sustained mannerDecreased incidence of side effects and improve patient complianceComparing other conventional probes, QDs are more resistant which allows tracking cell processes for dourer periods of time and which will lead to discovery of new molecular interactionsQuantum dots have size dependant emission which can be modified according to our requirement (from UV to IR range)Fluorescence is seen for longer time when compared to conventional dyes.The extremely small size gives them great flexibility by allowing them using different delivery routes eg. they can be injected as liquid mixtures, fabrics, and polymer.7PROPERTIES OF QDsSome of the properties of Quantum Dots that are used to examine nanocarrier behavior in biological systems are (2, 5,7)Small size size maybe around 2-10 nm in diameter that enables tagging of drug/carriers. Single or multi-component systems can be labeled for tracing and monitoringSurface chemistry compatibility with various drug carriers integrating a wide range of nanoparticle drug carrier system.Emission profile identifying quantum dots by its sharp narrow emission peak allows simultaneous observation of multiple nanocarriers within a same system.High brightness detection of QDs inside body facilitates the tracing of nanocarriers in vivo.High photostability QDs are more resistant to photobleaching that enables long term real time tracking.QUANTUM DOTS AS NANOCARRIERSQuantum Dots are considered as carriers and the therapeutic drug molecules are directly conjugate to them to be delivered to the target sites. Here it serves as both vehicle carrying the drug and tracing probe used for the real time monitoring. In drug delivery, size of the Quantum Dots is considered as a very important parameter. The size of QDs varies from 2 10 nm, and it increases to 5 20 nm in diameter after drug encapsulation. It should be famous that QDs of size smaller than 5 nm are removed in the process of renal filtration and those particles bigger is size have problems in penetrating through the tissues and many bigger particles are wiped out before they could reach their destination.Another important characteristics of QDs to be considered for drug delivery is the ratio of surface-to-volume. If this ratio is high then multiple carriers can be linked on single QDs without changing the average diameter of the nanocarrier system. Thus the ratio of surface-to-volume should be high.Fig.1 A Multifunctional Quantum Dot coated with Amphiphillic Polymer 6The above figure illustrates that QD acts as nerve centre structural hydrophobic scaffold and the amphiphillic polymer is coated outside the core. The drug molecules which are hydrophobic in nature are embedded between the core and the polymer coating. And those hydrophilic therapeutic molecules can be incorporated on the amphiphillic coating. Multiple layers of ligands can be linked in subsequent layers not directly linked to the QD core but to the previous layers of coating and is c ontrolled by them. These nanocarriers also protect the therapeutic molecule or proteins used from the bodys own immune system defence force mechanism by encapsulating them within themselves. 6Yamomoto et al did research on using quantum dots to treat stroke in and reported that the nanocarriers QD captopril conjugates were capable of lowering line of descent pressure in rats. But it was not known whether the therapeutic effect of lowering pressure was due to the conjugate or the detached drug from the quantum dots. 6. not only drugs, other therapeutic molecules like small interfering RNA, oligodeoxynucleotide and biomolecules e.g. antibodies, peptides can also be incorporated into the nanocarriers. siRNA delivery using quantum dots was reported by Bhatia et al. siRNA moleculeas were successfully delivered using targeted nanocarriers because of the size similarity between QDs and siRNA. Whereas larger molecules like plasmid will require many QDs for successful delivery. 6Mn-doped ZnS Qds encapsulated with glycopolypeptide were fabricated for the drug delivery. Characterization and in vitro studies were done to prove the low cytotoxicity of the nanocarriers and it was good effort for the targeted drug delivery 4.QUANTUM DOTS AS TAGS FOR OTHER DRUG CARRIERSDue to the unique properties of Quantum Dots, they are used as tags to label other drug carriers and are used as traceable drug delivery. The high photostability helps in the real time tracking of the nanocarrier inside the body. hence strong fluorescence signal indicates higher uptake of drug by the cells. The wavelength of the emitted signal depends on the size of the Quntum Dots used. Thus it is very specific to the QDs and thereby simultaneous nanocarriers can be used and the signals can be easily identified.Chen et al. reported about their work of siRNA delivery with QD conjugated with Lipofectamine. The results showed that fluorescence intensity of QD is proportional to the degree of silencing i.e. if lipoplex uptake is more than the fluorescence will be stronger. 6 Another work done by Zhang et al. reported the synthesis of QD-chitosan conjugate nanobeads for the delivery of siRNA. It was successfully traced because of the conjugation with QDs. 6 Amphipol nanocpmplex were prepared for the real time imaging of siRNA by Lifeng et al. it was delivered intracellularly and imaged in a real time pattern. 12SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONThere are many ways of preparing Quantum Dots. Some of the noted process of fabricating QDs are Lithography, Colloidal synthesis, Epitaxial methods, some chemical methods 2,10.Generally NDDS is prepared in the following stepsNowadays many non-toxic semiconductor QDs are used for the drug delivery. Consider for example ZnO. It is a non-toxic semiconductor when compared to other Quantum Dots such as CdS, CdTe. These QDs can be combined with biocompatible and biodegradable polymer to increase the stability and non-immunogenicity of the nanocarriers. It al so shields the nanocarriers from the interference of other interacting molecules inside biological environment. Chitosan is a natural copolymer which on encapsulation enhances the quantum dots properties like solubility in water, metal chelation and easy processing and biocompatibility 3.Characterization studies like TEM, UV-VIS, PL spectroscopy, FTIR, Drug release response test are done after the synthesis. TEM is used to find out the size range of the fabricated QD. PL and PLE spectra give discipline about the emission spectra. FTIR confirms the incorporation of the drug into the QD and Drug release response test gives the amount of drug released and tells about the type of drug delivery. 10, 3.CONCLUSIONQuantum Dots will be the future of drug delivery systems if the only drawback has been eliminated. The only disadvantage in using Quantum Dots is their long term toxicity. This can be overcome by replacing the core of the QD with biocompatible agents like gold or magnetic nanopar ticles which offers a unique combination of therapy like magnetofection and photothermal treatment. Recent studies show that quantum dots to be safe on primates 9. Quantum Dots will be a powerful tool to diagnose and treat cancer 11. Thus quantum dots will become the new era of drug delivery.

What Is Security Dilemma Politics Essay

What Is certificate Dilemma Politics Essay at that place be a number of gage department dilemmas currently working in Asia. This pledge contravene is driven by the competitions between pairs of countries different in their capabilities. Here, Pakistan views India as its primary curse, which in turn views China as its principal warrantor concern. China on the other hand regards the United States as a challenger to its dominance in Asia and the United States is trying its best to maintain its hegemony and the consequent status quo. The incommensurate relationships in Asia reserve the ability to thwart global arms control and non-proliferation efforts.1They also have the deadly potential to fuel a striking expansion of ballistic missile and nuclear proliferation throughout the region.2Scholars gathered at a Russian think tank known as Institute of origination Economy and International Relations (Imemo), which advises Kremlin, talked about the threat of nuclear war in South A sia being greater than anywhere else in the world today.3What is Security?National security has figured prominently in academic and governmental discussions of foreign policy and international politics since the end of World War II. Richard Ullman defines threat to national security as an action or sequence of events that threatens drastically so as to degrade the quality of life for inhabitants of a country or threatens signifi chiffoniertly to narrow the range of policy choices of a state. The term security in International Relations has conventionally been defined to mean protection of a state or nation to threats emanating from within as well as outside its boundaries. According to Walter Lippmann, a nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in danger of having to sacrifice core values, if it wishes to avoid war, and is able, if challenged, to maintain them by such victory in such a war.4The security of a nation rises and travel with its ability to deter such fights on its sovereignty and territory. The Western nations and the Euro-centric view of International Relations has largely identified this position with the Realist school of thought that focuses primarily on acquiring much magnate in the anarchic system. Scholars from the Realist school of thought have always argued that states are self-interested, power- adjudicateing rational actors, who seek to maximize their security and chances of survival. In their view even if there is cooperation between states it is only to maximize their own security and not for any idealistic grounds.The modern nation-state is the highest form of political order we have so far been able to develop and sustain. It evolved into its present form through the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, needed to secure itself from external threats and aliveness its territory intact. The history is testimony to the fact that the states in the international system are unable to coexist with each other in harmony and have made each other insecure by their mere existence. Their actions in pursuit of their national security have often resulted in frequent wars when feature with that of others. Thus the concept of security as developed in the early years of security studies post Second World War took State as a unit of analysis.What is Security Dilemma?The states in the international system through their actions try to enhance their security as much as possible. There interactions are primarily responses to what is known as Security Dilemma in the literature on International Relations. It is also known as the Spiral Model. jakes Herz was the starting time to coin the term security dilemma in his 1951 book Political Realism and Political Idealism. According to him the states are driven to acquire more and more power in order to escape the impact of the power of others. This, in turn, renders the others more insecure and compels them to prepare for the worst.5In contrast to other classical music realists of the time who focused on human genius as the main difficulty, he based his concept on the anarchic structure of the international system. The security dilemma is the core assumption of Defensive Realism, which believes that due to the anarchic structure of the international system, states focus mainly on their survival through any agent making them obsessed with security.6In International Relations, Defensive Realism is a variant of Structural Realism with famous international relations scholar Kenneth valse propagating this flightiness. Waltz argues that the security dilemma is escapable because the weaker states will try to balance against their rivals and bandwagon with the stronger state in order to gain security in event on an attack by the enemy state. In contrast to this Offensive Realism, another variant of Structural Realism believes that states want to accumulate more power rather than respectable secure themselves. It points out that if states are able to gain an a dvantage or an edge, they will readily do so. John Mearsheimer, the strongest proponent of Offensive Realism argues that no state can be sure of other states intentions, which can change over a course of time and use its offensive capabilities.7He is in agreement with Hans Morgenthau, one of the earliest proponents of Realism in International Politics, that there is not limit of states desire for power. For Mearsheimer the security dilemma is inescapable, as the anarchic nature of the international system will force states to maximize power and enhance their security because they cannot trust each other. Neorealists and Constructivist schools of thought have also used security dilemma as a concept. Neoliberal scholars argue that one of the functions of international institutions is to alleviate security dilemma.8Whereas Constructivists assert that alleviating the security dilemma is one of the channels through which reshaping identity can remake anarchy.9Robert Jervis explains this concept as the notion that increasing a states security causes other states to increase their own security, which in turn decreases the security of the first.10The system thus coerces the states into pickings certain losses to cooperate in order to bring stability and relative security. Yet the inherent desire mud to dominate the political arena through cheating, bargaining and collaborating to hinder cooperation. A security dilemma arises out of the anarchic nature of the International System. Each state has to take responsibility for its own security in the system of self-help for its own survival. Without any government at the international level, the states are left to fend for themselves. This leads to states taking every possible step to expand their capabilities in every sphere, be it economy or military, to defend itself when the time comes. The states in order to secure themselves go forth about the security apprehension of the neighboring states and compel them to take c ounter-measures to enhance their security. They begin to prepare for the worst, and this common search for security leaves them more insecure past they were before. A case in example talked about in our class on National Security would be India acquiring nuclear capabilities, which put squash on Pakistan to get nuclear weapons. The process, which started in 1960s, and 70s has left India more insecure now then ever before as Pakistan has refused to agree with a no first-use policy on nuclear weapons like India. It purportedly has more nuclear warheads than India according to the estimates of many reputed think tanks internationally.Jervis identifies a number of the factors associated with security dilemma that blockade states ability to work cooperatively towards a mutually desired goal of general security. He mentions intentions, capabilities, creation of buffer states, indications of aggressive intents and incorrect perception of weapons acquired for defending purposes.The Secu rity Dilemma in Sino-Indian RelationsThe scholars of International Relations agree that there would be a geo-political shift from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. And it can be forcefully argued that China and India will dominate the events of the region as rising powers in the international system. Considering the past shared by these two countries later coming to their own, the chances of a classic case of great power competition are numerous. It can be better understood by studying the first Sino-Indian border conflict and the series of skirmishes between them in 1962. The war was a result of tensions that arose during the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the subsequent asylum given to the Dalai Lama after the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) took control of the territory. India on its part can also be blamed for adopting a Forward Policy intended to submit its control of the disputed areas. Fifty years have now been passed since the Sino-Indian conflict and the perception s in both the countries about each other still remain exceedingly suspicious. There has been constant tussle over various issues between these two countries ranging from Chinas security ties with countries in the South Asian-Indian Ocean region to Indias growing interest in the South China Sea and areas China considers as its sphere of influence. India with its Look East policy has been seeking for deeper engagements with the countries earlier known as Indochina. China on the other hand has long supported Pakistan, Indias archrival, with its nuclear program and infrastructure development. These two countries have left no stone unturned to rattle each other over their actions, which are skeptically viewed and enlarged by hostile media on both sides. It has get down one of the most significant factors for the deep-rooted indecision between the two Asian giants.In this classic Great Power rivalry, China is trying hard to win by wielding New Delhi booked within the South Asian regi on. China considers itself as a global power while wants to keep India as only a regional power limited to South Asia. Indias recent ascent in the international scenario with its billion-plus population and growing economy has raised eyebrows in China. The strategy China has applied is to keep aiding Pakistan in its relations with India, which will keep it occupied in the South Asian region and China can expand in the Indo-Pacific till then. sequence China has slowly inched towards equidistance between India and Pakistan, it continues to have a pronounced tilt towards Pakistan, which casts an inevitable shadow over the Sino- Indian relationship. Chinas other major patron-client relationship in the region is with Myanmar. This is less threatening from Indias standpoint, since Chinas interest in the relationship is not India- centric, and India for its part is consciously seeking to upgrade its own ties with Myanmar with some limited success.The notion of security dilemma throws subs tantial light on the complex relationship between China and India since the past six decades.ConclusionAs the two powers become more economically interlinked war becomes a secondary or a last resort option for them. The decision-makers in both New Delhi and Beijing are conscious of this fact. A key question that remains is whether India and China will remain satisfied with relatively small strategic forces or whether they will seek to develop large, operationally deployed forces.11India and China are expected to further spread their Spheres of Influence in the Indo-Pacific region with the US willing to support New Delhi as part of its own forward policy in the region. India has to tackle one of the major problems faced in democratic countries that being more reactive than pro-active hampers the policymaking.12The reason behind this is that the political class in India is not much familiar to international relations and foreign policy receives very little emphasis in the course of da y-to-day politics. Though Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh is not a classic professional politician, and could even be considered more of a statesman, the tendency to get word inward has prevented a more active engagement with the outside world.

In Defense of Direct Perception Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essa

In Defense of Direct PerceptionABSTRACT My goal in this paper is to defend the exact that one can directly perceive an aspiration without possessing both descriptive effects about this object. My strategy in defending this claim is to rebut three arguments that beleaguer my view of direct perception. According to these arguments, the belief of direct perception as I construe it is objectionable since (1) it is epistemically worthless since it leaves perceived objects uninterpreted (2) it cannot explain how perceived objects atomic number 18 identified and (3) it is ill-prepared to assign objective content to perceptual states. What is involved in the claim that one directly perceives an object? The notion of direct perception that I propose to defend in this paper is this that one directly perceives an object if ones perception of this object is not mediated by beliefs. Put another way, a direct observer does not believe anything about an object in (directly) perceiving it. On this construal of the notion of direct perception, it follows that if one directly perceives an object, one does not describe this object for any description of an object is expressed as a belief, and direct perceptions do not involve beliefs. The direct perceiver, I claim, does not (and indeed may be completely unable to) give a description of the perceived object, without this lack (or inability) detracting from the fact that the object is directly perceived.In defending this view of direct perception, we requisite to become clearer on how it is possible for a belief to mediate ones perception of an object. There are (at least) two ways in which this can occur. Heres the first.A belief can be said to mediate ones perception of an object if a belief se... ...ld, itself, be an interpretationbut then weve simply displaced the problem one step, for the question will arise again with this interpretation, to wit, what is its object. Nor could the object of an interpretation simply be what satisfies the interpretation (or, put another way, whatever satisfies the descriptive beliefs associated with a perception) for an object could satisfy this interpretation, without being the de facto object of perception. Indeed, an object of indirect perception might not, in actuality, even satisfy ones associated descriptive beliefsand still it will be indirectly perceived. Thus, the object of an indirect perception must be what is provided by a direct perceptionwhat other object could be a candidate? That is, the notion of an indirect perception relies on a prior notion of a direct perception, and is indeed inconceivable without it.

Edification or False Idolatry in Emersons The American Scholar :: Emerson American Scholar Essays

Edification or False Idolatry in Emersons The American Scholar Commencement speeches argon customarily routine, pedantic, platitude filled, mildly inspiring lectures. This description, however, was never applied to Ralph Waldo Emersons oration, The American Scholar, delivered to the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard in 1837. Oliver Wendell Holmes called this speech Americas Intellectual Declaration of Independence. In addition to being a call for literary independence from Europe and past traditions, the speech was a blueprint for how valet should live their lives. Emerson believed that the way to get together with the Over-Soul was to become The American Scholar. He would do this by observing nature, by studying the past through books, and by taking action. To become a scholar, humans also needed to develop self trust, espouse freedom and bravery, and value the individual over the masses. Because this speech is so pregnant with discussion topics, an intrinsic offset of the blu eprint may not catch the readers attention or receive the analysis it deserves. It delivers a message that contemporary humans still need to receive. The startling, heretical admonition not to worship or make false idols of books and some other objects of art, given in Emersons The American Scholar, demonstrates his belief in the vital necessity for effrontery and active, creative reading and writing. When he exhorts us to live as a scholar, as Man Thinking, rather than a mere thinker, or, still worse, the parrot of other mens thinking (1530), he is cautioning us against the false idolatry of book or Bible worship. When Emerson introduces the second great influence on the spirit of the scholar, he at first praises books. He expounds on the mind of the Past,--in whatever form, whether of literature, of art, of institutions, that mind is inscribed. Books are the vanquish type of the influence of the past (1532). Emerson is saying that books are the best vehicle available to the s cholar for studying the ideas and accomplishments of past men and ages. But after affirming that the theory of books is noble (1532) and presenting an idealized way of reading and reusing books from past ages by which business and dead facts come out as poetry and quick thought when read and rewritten in a new age, Emerson begins to show doubts that reuse is feasible and states that Each age, it is found, must write its own books or rather each generation for the next succeeding.

Success of Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

Success of Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew   The Taming of the Shrew written by William Shakespeare depicts the uncouth roles of men and women in the early seventeenth century. Shakespeare writes of Petruchio and Kate, a male and female who sharply oppose each other. Petruicho must tame his wife Kate without breaking her align inner spirit.   Shakespeare touches on Kates changing character and allows her to undergo three phases Kates character in the beginning, the methods Petruicho uses to tame Kate and the final outcome (how Kate has changed).   The Taming of the Shrew unravels to reveal a wondrous beastly Katharine lacking respect for her family, herself and others around her. Kate is a very outspoken and vulgar charr without respect to authority. Katharine, although depicted as a beautiful woman quickly becomes the talk of Padua. Kate has found that if she is loud and obnoxious she can have her way. She screams and grunts and pushes those who sh e does not get along with. The general character of Katharine seems to be that of a minuscule child.   Peturichos methods of pursuit in some cases border along the lines of torture. Peturicho manipulates and exploits Kates character in order to change her outward actions. Although Peturicho does not want to change Kates inward thoughts, he does not want to break her spirit. The greatest example can be quoted below.   Petruchio says, Thy gowns Why, aye. Come, tailor, let us seest. / O mercy, God What masquing stuff is heres / Whats thiss A sleeves Tis like a demi-cannon. / What, up and down, carved like an apple tarts / Heres snip and nip and cut and slish and slash, Like to a censer in a barbers shop. (4.3.86-92)   Petruciho uses the beautiful gown to learn Kate that she will no longer have her way. Petruicho also uses several other instances to tame Kate. Petruicho is fashionably late to his unify with Katharine and upon arrival is dresed as a jester. Pe truciho kidnaps Kate from her wedding reception, and upon arrival to his home only allows Kate to smell the delicious food. Petruicho conduct himself in this manner to show Kate how she looks and behaves.

Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essay

Dreams of Escape in The screwball Menagerie Anyone throw out handle a crisis, and day-to-day living is the most nerve-racking aspect of life (Jack news 19). This is especially true in the drama The Glass Menagerie. none of the characters in this tale is willing to or capable of living in the present. E very(prenominal)day life becomes so mindless and oppressive that each characters dreams and fantasies become more(prenominal) important than reality itself. Through their dreams, Amanda, Tom, Laura, and Jim attempt to transcend reality in order to escape the monotony of life. Having lost her husband and being left wholly to raise her two children Tom and Laura, Amanda finds herself in a very unsuitable situation. This situation is only made worse through Amandas disappointment in her children, whom she considers lost. She believes her son to be unrealistic, as he is constantly dreaming about fair a respected poet rather than committing to a steady job. As a result, Amanda is very confused and uncertain about her and her childrens future. Worse still, the fact that Laura is crippled, which she refuses to acknowledge however, worries her sluice more, insofar as she tries to arrange everything for her lest she will live paralyzed in the menacing world. Aware of the reality, she enrolls her in a secretarial course in the promise that she would become, if not successful in her career, at least independent in making ends meet. Disappointed by Lauras inability to cope with the studies in the business school, Amanda cannot but desperately find her a reliable husband who can provide substantive and emotional... ...gni. The Southern Gentlewoman. newfangled Critical Interpretations Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie. ed. Harold Bloom. NY Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. Jackson, Esther Merle. The Broken humanness of Tennessee Williams. Madison University of Wisconsin Press, 1965. Levy, Eric P. Through Soundproof Glass The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie. Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Parker, R.B., ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Glass Menagerie. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1983. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams Plays Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York Peter Lang, 1989. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Masterpieces of the Drama. Ed. Alexander W. Allison, Arthus J. Carr, Arthur M. Eastman. 5th ed. NY Macmillan, 1986. Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essayDreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie Anyone can handle a crisis, but day-to-day living is the most trying aspect of life (Jackson 19). This is especially true in the drama The Glass Menagerie. None of the characters in this tale is willing to or capable of living in the present. Everyday life becomes so mindless and oppressive that each characters dreams and fantasies become more important than reality itself. Through their dreams, Amanda, Tom, Laura, and Jim attempt to tran scend reality in order to escape the monotony of life. Having lost her husband and being left alone to raise her two children Tom and Laura, Amanda finds herself in a very undesirable situation. This situation is only made worse through Amandas disappointment in her children, whom she considers lost. She believes her son to be unrealistic, as he is constantly dreaming about becoming a respected poet rather than committing to a steady job. As a result, Amanda is very confused and uncertain about her and her childrens future. Worse still, the fact that Laura is crippled, which she refuses to acknowledge however, worries her even more, insofar as she tries to arrange everything for her lest she will live paralyzed in the threatening world. Aware of the reality, she enrolls her in a secretarial course in the hope that she would become, if not successful in her career, at least independent in making ends meet. Disappointed by Lauras inability to cope with the studies in the business sc hool, Amanda cannot but desperately find her a reliable husband who can provide material and emotional... ...gni. The Southern Gentlewoman. Modern Critical Interpretations Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie. ed. Harold Bloom. NY Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. Jackson, Esther Merle. The Broken World of Tennessee Williams. Madison University of Wisconsin Press, 1965. Levy, Eric P. Through Soundproof Glass The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie. Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Parker, R.B., ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Glass Menagerie. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1983. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams Plays Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York Peter Lang, 1989. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Masterpieces of the Drama. Ed. Alexander W. Allison, Arthus J. Carr, Arthur M. Eastman. 5th ed. NY Macmillan, 1986.

Benefits of Vegetarianism :: Healthy Lifestyle Essay

More than 10 billion animals be killed for our plates distributively year. These animals atomic number 18 drugged and starved each day. Almost none of the animals ever see daylight. Majority of the mothers ever see their young. Shortly after giving birth, the mothers are sent away to cruel veal farms to feed humans their calves. Fish on aquafarms spend their entire life in filthy enclosures. Forty percent of them die because diseases and parasite infections. On several(prenominal) farms, conditions are so horrendous that majority of them die before they can get packaged. But that is not as alarming as what continues. Most of the aboveboard animals are killed so horrifically, that the poor animals which have only brought goodness, have their throats slit while they are fully conscious. More than fifteen million people in the United States of America are vegetarians. The consumption of eating meat, dairy, and eggs have been strongly linked to Alzheimers disease, and asthma. Meat- eaters are nine times more belike to be obese than vegetarians. Animal products clog your arteries, zap your energy and slow down your immune system. Vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends, making them less penetrable to everyday illnesses such as colds, and flues. Theres a bonus also to becoming a vegetarian - you live longer on average half a dozen to ten years The oldest person in the world was a vegetarian - living until 117 years Vegetarians grow taller and have higher IQs than their classmates. They are also at a lower risk for sprightliness diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Even older people who switch to a vegetarian diet can prevent and even reverse chronic cordial diseasesMeat-eating is why our teeth grow crooked, and why our jaws are small. Not very many people know exactly what part of the body they are eating. We are actually supposed to be omnivores. Compare our teeth to those of a carnivore. A carnivores teeth are used to tear apar t meat. Ours are not. We do not have canine teeth. Animal fat is saturated fat and cholesterol, which both have been linked to various health problems, including heart diseases, and cancer. A group fifteen scientists declared that up to 40 percent of cancers are preventable.Most people think that vegetarians dont get passable protein. But this is an old wives tale. Vegetarians do get enough protein. Is it possible to get enough protein on a vegetarian diet?