Descriptive ethics Essay

Ethical quality is the expectations, choices and activities between a decent decision and a terrible decision. Profound quality is the worries convictions as indicated by great and terrible conduct. Ethical quality is something everyone has climate they are a decent individual of character or a terrible individual of character. As indicated by theory morals is ethical quality. Morals is an ethical code the investigation of profound quality utilizing apparatuses and techniques for reasoning. A good is the thing that you are instructed and polished. A portion of the things we are instructed and practice are good and bad, great and awful. Despite the fact that morals will be ethics; there are various kinds of morals that go with the utilization of profound quality. Engaging morals, regulating morals, Meta morals, applied morals, and bio morals. Illustrative morals is the procedure of science inside the investigation of profound quality; people groups convictions on ethical quality. It serves to chose what individuals believe is correct. Regulating morals is support of the ethical principles of standards; the perfect way individuals should act. The defense of essential good convictions is called Meta morals. Meta morals assists with characterizing what is â€Å"right†. Applied morals are ideas and standards that are utilized to determine viable good issues. Applied morals disclose to us how would we take moral information and set up it as a regular occurrence. Morals that are centered around medicinal services, clinical science and clinical innovation are called bio morals. Ethical quality is the conduct as it is influence by these ethical standards. Moral standards are close to home direct that is acknowledged by people or social gatherings. There four unique sorts of good standards; self-sufficiency, usefulness, utility and equity. One of the kinds of good standards are self-rule is the reason for deciding good duty regarding your own activities. Independence is alluded to self-legislature of individuals. A case of independence is having the option to coordinate one’s life and decide for them. Value is doing the beneficial thing for others without doing mischief to them. Advantage is comprehended to be the primary rule of ethical quality. It is to do well to other people yet dodge the awful that can come. The following good guideline has a major impact of creation and revaluation of wellbeing approaches of organizations and society, this is called utility. Utility expands bliss and diminishes languishing. In conclusion is equity this is an idea dependent on morals, law, religion and decency. It is the option to shield individuals from premise segregation of race sex sexual direction age and ethnicity. As I would see it moral standards ought to be a flat out thought and not exposed to bargain; in spite of the fact that they are exposed to settle. Self-sufficiency is to coordinate one’s life and decided for themselves, albeit a few people are reliant on others and let others settle on choices for them, it ought to be their own decision.

Domestic Violence against Women

Abusive behavior at home against Women A Comparative Analysis Of Domestic Violence Against Women In Ghana And Uk Dynamic Abusive behavior at home in the UK is broadly perceived, acknowledged, managed as an issue. Anyway in Ghana, because of absence of education, culture, abusive behavior at home is broadly not perceived as an issue. There are no measures set up by the legislature to handle the issue. The accompanying plans to give a similar investigation of abusive behavior at home in ladies in the UK as against ladies in Ghana. Optional reports from the police, Charities (NGOs), diaries and paper issues were utilized in doing this investigation. Results indicated that instances of abusive behavior at home against ladies in the UK were far reaching. There is a social administrations structure to manage these issues. Kids who are in a roundabout way or straightforwardly influenced by aggressive behavior at home can be distinguished as a rule and are offered any assistance or vital treatment. In Ghana, there are numerous social boundaries to as a matter of first importance getting the message of aggressi ve behavior at home across and furthermore being acknowledged as an encroachment of human rights. There are no social structures set up to support these ladies. NGOs are the proportionate to social administrations in the UK, however can't/are not as proactive. They depend on ladies approaching and don't/can't complete examinations on doubt of abusive behavior at home. Kids, who are straightforwardly or by implication influenced, will in general go through unnoticed. This is because of the way that socially, youngsters must be seen and not heard. In different cases, childrens accounts are not accepted over the more established individual out of social regard for the grown-up; something like this would be viewed as a no-no. Taking everything into account, the social specialists contribution in ladies influenced by DV and any related kids are undeniably more broad than any inclusion in Ghana. With everything taken into account, Ghana has a long way to go and perhaps execute so as to ha ndle the issue of abusive behavior at home in ladies and kids. Presentation This investigation will take a gander at a near of Domestic Violence, hereon alluded to as DV, in ladies in two distinct nations, Ghana and the UK. I decided to analyze these two nations as a matter of first importance in light of the fact that Im a Ghanaian and also on the grounds that I have lived in the two nations and at present examining social work in the UK. I have come to know about the social laborers contribution with ladies tormented by DV. I will likewise remember a little for the impact DV has on kids in these two nations. It is my expectation through this investigation, to feature the recognition and contrasts of DV between the two nations and to contemplate the effect of social work(ers) in managing DV in these nations. So as to show signs of improvement comprehension of how DV is seen in the two nations, I might want to discuss the Demographics concentrating on the way of life and social remaining of Ghana. Ghana Demographics Ghana is a nation found in West Africa, situated on the Gulf and Guinea and is a couple of degrees north of the equator, giving it a warm atmosphere. It traverses 238, 535 square km and has a populace of around 23 million starting at 2007. Colonized back in the days by the British, the national language of the land has stayed as English till this day. In any case, out of its ten perceived areas or districts, Ghana has in excess of 250 indigenous dialects spoken. Inside these districts and dialects, numerous tongues and societies likewise exist. Every ethnic gathering has its way of life and each culture has a lifestyle. Ghanaians are by and large harmony adoring individuals. Convention has a significant impact of the Ghanaians life directly from birth (naming and commitment functions), through to Puberty (inception ceremonies), to marriage (customary marriage) and demise (burial service rituals). The legitimate framework be that as it may, is a blend of British law, pertinent to criminal cases, and indigenous custom for common cases. Common cases that worry standard issues, for example, land, legacy, and marriage, are normally heard by a customary boss. Individuals are commonly careful about the legal framework, which can include significant expenses and flighty results. They for the most part endeavor to deal with infractions and resolve debates casually through close to home intrigue and intercession. Solid more distant family attaches will in general exercise a restriction on degenerate conduct, and family gatherings are regularly called to settle issues before they become open. Conjugal debates are ordinarily settled by having the couple meet with the wifes uncle or father, who will assume the job of a marriage mentor and rejoin the gatherings. As culture and customary traditions assume an enormous job, they come path in characterizing or impacting acknowledgment of DV in the Ghanaian culture as we will investigate later. Ghana is a low salary nation with a for every capital GDP of just $400 (U.S.) every year. It has numerous monetary and social issues particularly in the regions of business, lodging, wellbeing, and sanitation. Ghana has a functioning Non administrative Organization (NGO) division, with more than 900 enlisted associations that partake in government assistance and advancement extends in wellbeing, instruction, small scale financing, womens status, family arranging, kid care, and various different regions. The longest standing gatherings have been church-based associations and the Red Cross. Most are bolstered by remote benefactors. Urban intentional affiliations, for example, ethnic and word related associations, likewise offer significant social and monetary help. The nuclear family is viewed as a significant structure of the network and is held in high respect.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Alcoholism and Addiction

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Alcoholism and Addiction Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print How Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Is Used to Treat Addiction By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 03, 2019 Ned Frisk / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand What It Is Components Duration of Treatment Effectiveness View All Back To Top Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other mental disorders. Yet, it has also been shown to be valuable in treating alcoholism and drug addiction. This is especially true when its part of an overall program of recovery. Cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment is a short-term, focused therapeutic approach to helping drug-dependent people become abstinent. It does so by using the same learning processes you used to develop alcohol and drug dependence in the first place. What It Is Cognitive behavior therapy is based on the idea that feelings and behaviors are caused by a persons thoughts, not on outside stimuli like people, situations, and events. While you may not be able to change your circumstances, you can change how you think about them. According to cognitive behavior therapists, this helps you change how you feel and behave. In the treatment of alcohol and drug dependence, the goal of CBT is to: Teach the person to recognize situations in which they are most likely to drink or use drugs.Avoid these circumstances if possible.Cope with other problems and behaviors which may lead to their substance abuse. Other Approaches to CBT According to the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, there are several approaches to CBT. This includes  rational emotive behavior therapy, rational behavior therapy, rational living therapy, cognitive therapy, and dialectic behavior therapy. Components In its use to treat alcohol and drug dependent individuals, CBT has two main components: functional analysis and skills training. Functional Analysis: Working together, the therapist and individual try to identify the thoughts, feelings, and circumstances that led to and followed drinking or using. This helps determine the risks that are likely to lead to a relapse. Functional analysis can also give insight into why they drink or use drugs in the first place. This helps identify situations in which the person has coping difficulties. Skills Training: If someone is at the point where they need professional treatment for their addiction, chances are they are using alcohol or drugs  as their main means of coping with problems. The goal of CBT is to get the person to learn or relearn better-coping skills. The therapist tries to help the individual unlearn old habits and learn to develop healthier skills and habits. The main goal is to educate them about ways to change how they think about their substance abuse. Then they can learn new ways to cope with the situations and circumstances that led to their drinking or drugging episodes in the past. Duration of Treatment Because cognitive behavior therapy is a structured, goal-oriented educational process focused on immediate problems, the process is usually short-term. Although other forms of therapy and psychoanalysis can take years, CBT is usually completed in 12 to 16 sessions with the therapist. Effectiveness According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, more than 24 randomized controlled trials have been conducted among users of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, opiates, and other types of substances. This makes cognitive-behavioral treatments one of the most frequently evaluated psychosocial approaches to treating substance use disorders. In these studies, CBT has been shown most effective when compared with having no other treatment at all. When compared with other treatment approaches, studies have had mixed results. Some show CBT to be more effective while others show it to be of equal, but not greater, effectiveness than other treatments. As with other treatments for alcoholism and drug abuse, including pharmaceutical treatments,  cognitive behavior therapy works best when combined with other recovery efforts. This includes participation in support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous. In short, behavior cognitive therapy works well for some, but not for everyone. This is the case with all alcoholism and drug treatment approaches  because every person deals with and recovers from addiction in a different way. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Issue Of Gun Control - 1303 Words

Gun control has been a major problem in our society because it’s been in the (Molly)world just know one payed it any attention. In the year of 2014 a young man Travon martin passed away and it became a question of gun control. Gun laws are the cause of much of the violent crime in the United States and it needs to change who Is illegal interactions transportation of guns and mass shootings around the United States. Many people question the guns around our society and people asking the cause of or having a gun. We have gun control to protect our amendment to bar arms and for other people’s safety and questions. Here is how people of gun control used to talk about their cause of using a gun or walking around with one because of their second amendment and that is the right to have a gun at all. There is a book in (2001 book by executive director of the violence policy center was entitled every Handgun Is Aimed at You: The case for Banning Handguns). People are so concerned about fighting each other than taking the fight to our opponents. There was news report about president Clintons’ plans for gun reform after the mass shooting at Columbine High School in 1999. Under age buyers are a question to people on how are these kids and where are these kids getting these guns from and why do they have them and using them on the streets and are the parents of these children even aware of the guns that their kids ae handling. We are receiving so many outside guns so do this haveShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussi ons, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for how American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ guns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In tod ay’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in the news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How will Read MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

Are emotion and reason equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Free Essay Example, 1500 words

(Davis, 2005) Based on the said scenario, it is clear that the means of to an end is morally not good. (Kershnar, 2004) As part of the military order, some of these American soldiers were left with no choice but to follow. These soldiers are consciously aware that such action is not morally good considering the fact that torturing another person could inflict physical and emotional harm. The emotions of these American soldiers were totally disregarded as part of their profession. All they have left is to make a logical reasoning when making decisions since each of them will be held accountable for not following the military order. Being a part of the military does not excuse the soldiers from the evil acts of torturing another human being. (Dershowitz, 2002) At the end of the day, it is more likely that these soliders will have to go through a reflection on their moral responsibility with regards to their past actions. Prior to joining the military, each American soldiers were given a freewill to decide for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Are emotion and reason equally necessary in justifying moral decisions or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page With regards to abortion-issues, there will always be a conflicting arguments between the socio-economic status, age, lifestyle preferences of a woman versus the religious teachings that is present within the society. Based on a theological point-of-view, it is morally wrong to go through an induced abortion since the act itself is similar to killing another human being or the prenatal life. (Cahil; 1992; Noonan, 1983) On the contrary, the perception of philosopher Anne Warren (1978) on a human being includes: â€Å"consciousness, reasoning, ability to make decisions and communicate his/her opinions as well as the presence of self-awareness and self-concepts† which are not present in a foetus.

Hamlet Comparison Rough Edit Free Essays

Kenneth Branagh’s production of Hamlet and The Royal Shakespeare’s Company production of Hamlet are hard to compare with each other. In terms of Hamlet’s famous soliloquy in the portrait scene, his meeting with Ophelia, the queen’s ability to stand up for herself and Hamlet’s reaction and response to his father’s ghost, the Branagh Hamlet exceeds my expectations on how these parts are performed. The branagh version of Hamlet’s soliloquy in the portrait scene really depicts what I imagined it would sound like. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Comparison Rough Edit or any similar topic only for you Order Now For his soliloquy, his quietness of voice seems proper for this moment with himself. His words, â€Å"To die; to sleep; To sleep; perchance to dream; ay, there’s the rub,† are all solemnly said, Branagh creates this serious mood using his tone of voice. No boisterous movements, his slow steady walk to the mirror to look upon himself creates a serious atmosphere. I didn’t expect this soliloquy to be sad or gloomy, and Branagh did an excellent job making this serious. He was amazing acting out this part and taking on Hamlet’s emotion and character seriously. Unlike the Branagh version, The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) doesn’t depict this certain soliloquy well. Although I am delighted that they did create a serious mood, they did skip part of his soliloquy relative to the original book. Although there is still the serious atmosphere in place, the omitting of several lines takes away some sympathy for Hamlet. As well, Hamlet’s facial expressions go from serious to sad, and over again repeatedly. It doesn’t seem right that Hamlet is depressed; this serious atmosphere doesn’t coincide with his sadness very well. I do get the impression he is serious and thinking deeply at the moment, but his gloomy nature makes me feel and think otherwise of him. I also like the Branagh Hamlet for his meeting with Ophelia. I feel sympathy for Hamlet as he has a right to be upset. His weeping, even Ophelia’s weeping made my sympathy for him grow. But Ophelia seems to actually be sad rather than acting on behalf of her father and the king which is something I like about this play. Hamlet’s physical nature towards her, a lot of it was unnecessary. This meeting was important as to see what impact Ophelia had on Hamlet, and what gave him the push to put on his mad act. Unlike the Branagh Hamlet, the David Tennant Hamlet was nothing like I thought he would be in his meeting with Ophelia. Although she is acting sad, her genuine concern is overlooked since she is acting only for the benefit of Polonius and Claudius. As well, when she says, â€Å"Heavenly powers restore him! † and, â€Å"O help him, you sweet heavens! † she overdoes these parts by the throwing of her hand up and lying on the floor. As well, Hamlet’s runs to her after she says these things are too much. If I were angry I would not run back to my lover and cry and physically touch her, I would keep away from her so she wouldn’t hurt me anymore. This scene with Ophelia disappointed my thought on how Hamlet would act. It was as disappointing as Christmas with no gifts, it was that bad. Another scene in these movies which is important is the arras scene. In Branagh’s Hamlet, the Queen acts strongly for herself. Despite the unfortunate ending of Polonius, Gertrude acts strong against Hamlet and his physical force. By doing this she is showing what power she has as a woman. This can be a positive influence to woman as they can see that they have power and independence on their own and don’t have to be man-handled. The only thing I didn’t like about her was her tenacious attitude towards Hamlet; he didn’t deserve any of that from her. But her fighting spirit and independence displays to the viewer that they should stand up and fight against their problems, whatever they may be. However, the queen in RSC is just a failure to conceive. She is too easily pushed around by Hamlet and the men in this play (Claudius and Polonius) have too much power over her. She doesn’t seem to be independent; she seems to have no problem being held in a vice-grip by her husband. Furthermore, she is physically apprehended by Hamlet and doesn’t try to escape or struggle against him. Her independence in this scene is downright disappointing, and it’s creating the image for woman that they don’t have any power for themselves. Her drinking and smoking before her meeting with Hamlet indicates how she copes with the stress of the situation, and the viewer is influenced by her actions to possibly do the same when they are stressed. As well, another element I delight in Branagh’s Hamlet is the reaction and actions of Hamlet when he listens and talks to his dead father. His quick, immediate response to his father is as I thought it should be. He shows immediate respect for his father, obeying every word with a swift response to his mother. Despite his strong feelings of anger towards her, when he’s told that she wasn’t involved in his death, he shows immediate signs of compassion to her. His honour-like character in the moment shines through to his mother and she becomes happy with him. The great Hamlet as described by Ophelia, â€Å"The expectancy and rose of the fair state,† (Act III, scene 1 line 154) shines through is the Hamlet everybody has been waiting for. But his trance-like state is something that doesn’t disappoint me, but I’m not happy with that state he turned into. If I were Hamlet, I would be scared more than just frozen in place. David Tennant in this scene does make Hamlet scared, but makes him seem out-of-his-mind scared. His mother is concerned for his well-being of course, but thinks he is absolutely nuts! His care and affection for his father I cannot see because he is too scared to show anything. His prostrate position to the widening of his horrified face just doesn’t impress me, it’s like he’s overreacting or trying too hard to act scared. In doing this, it makes me lose sympathy for Hamlet. Overall, I enjoy much more the Kenneth Branagh Hamlet rather than the RSC’s Hamlet. The play was performed much better and all the elements within the play just flowed more smoothly. I strongly recommend this version of Hamlet over any other version. Word Count: 1,074 words How to cite Hamlet Comparison Rough Edit, Papers

Exile On Mainstream by Matchbox Twenty free essay sample

Matchbox Twentys â€Å"Exile on Mainstream† is an  ­excellent launching pad for any teen whos becoming interested in music. This album is not only a melting pot of style and a hybrid of pop and rock, but also a collection of passionate songs that introduce listeners to the strong emotions music can deliver. The vocals of Rob Thomas are smooth and clear, and the lyrics are inspiring and down to earth. The album starts out with an upbeat track in â€Å"How Far Weve Come,† which proved worthy enough to be featured on the film â€Å"When in Rome.† It, along with tracks like â€Å"Long Day,† â€Å"Bright Lights,† â€Å"Push† and â€Å"Disease,† are certainly geared more toward Matchbox Twentys rock side. â€Å"Long Day,† especially, features an  ­intense guitar solo and roof-raising vocals. These rock songs dont revolve around singing and shouting, but the lyrics meaning. They focus on the mental side of life, and the struggles that come from within. We will write a custom essay sample on Exile On Mainstream by Matchbox Twenty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These songs are never quite enough to burst eardrums, but they prove to be an excellent guide into the world of light rock. There are also several successful pop type songs in this album. Tracks like â€Å"These Hard Times,† â€Å"Unwell,† â€Å"Ill Believe You When,† and â€Å"If Youre Gone† reveal a much calmer and more tranquil side of Matchbox Twenty, especially in the vocals. This style is certainly not as extreme as todays blockbuster pop artists, but it surpasses them in the level of passion. The lyrics and vocals feel genuine, almost as if the words are truly flowing from the heart. The songs are soft and have a sweetness to them. Matchbox Twentys members are masters of mixing.  ­Putting rock and pop together is not an easy task, but this band finds a way of doing so. They venture equally into each genre, yet they always keep a foot on the dividing line. After hearing this, the listener will have a clearer understanding of which type of music is more suited to them personally, and gain an appreciation for both types.

Basketball Essays (244 words) - , Term Papers

Basketball Looking back on a childhood filled with events and memories, I find it rather difficult to pick on that leaves me with the fabled "warm and fuzzy feelings." As the daughter of an Air Force Major, I had the pleasure of traveling across America in many moving trips. I have visited the monstrous trees of the Sequoia National Forest, stood on the edge of the Grande Canyon and have jumped on the beds at Caesars Palace in Lake Tahoe." "The day I picked my dog up from the pound was one of the happiest days of both of our lives. I had gone to the pound just a week earlier with the idea that I would just "look" at a puppy. Of course, you can no more just look at those squiggling little faces so filled with hope and joy than you can stop the sun from setting in the morning. I knew within minutes of walking in the door that I would get a puppy but it wasn't until I saw him that I knew I had found my puppy." "Looking for houses was supposed to be a fun and exciting process. Unfortunately, none of the ones that we saw seemed to match the specifications that we had established. They were too small, too impersonal, too close to the neighbors. After days of finding nothing even close, we began to wonder: was there really a perfect house out there for us?"

The notion of speech personality Essays

The notion of speech personality Essays The notion of speech personality Paper The notion of speech personality Paper The first reference to speech personality was made by L.Weisgerber. In Russian linguistics the term was introduced in the early 30s by V.V.Vinogradov. In the same period such question was discussed by Humboldtians (L. Weisgerber). Later the notion of speech personality was investigated by a range of prominent scholars, such as Yu.N. Karaulov, V.I. Karasik, O.B. Sirotinina and others. Besides, this problem is interdisciplinary, since it covers the areas traditionally studied not only by linguists, but also by psychologists and psycholinguists. Yu. Karaulov in his monograph Russian Language and Language Personality elaborated his own original methodology of reconstructing speech personality, which he defines as a personality expressed in the language and through the language; it is a combination of abilities and characteristics of a person that stipulates production of speech texts that differ in: a) degree of linguo-structural complexity; b) depth and accuracy of reproducing reality; c) certain purposeful direction. (Tr. V.T.) [1; p.3] He worked out the structure of speech personality which consists of three levels: 1) Zero level verbally semantic level or lexicon. This level represents : units: readiness to nomination, word choice, using another languages lexis, having working knowledge of special terminology; verbal grid: ability to perceive grammar structures, oral and written speech, right spelling; stereotypes: everyday speech, readiness to monolog, patterns and cliches. 2) First level linguo-cognitive level, represented by a thesaurus of speech personality: units: ideas and concepts which are combined in a well organized and systematized world picture of a certain speech personality which reflects his or her values and outlook; thesaurus includes readiness to make modal statement, argue, combine conversational terms and improvise; stereotypes: ability to use inner speech in accordance to transfer the context of others people speech. 3) Second level motivational, pragmatic level reflects pragmaticon of personality, the system of interests and motives etc. of a certain person in the process of communicative activity (communicative roles and spheres) [2; p. 20]. Combination of these three levels of speech personality gives us an opportunity to describe formal means of expression, to investigate the communicative activity and to study speech personality as a whole. However, we should take into consideration that these levels are distinguished hypothetically. In everyday life we observe their diffusion and interdependence. This Karaulovs three-tier structure of speech personality reflects general type of personality which includes such components: 1) moral component system of values and beliefs; 2) culturological component level of cultural awareness; 3) personal component level of individuality [2; p. 123]. Besides the notion of speech personality we also consider the notion of idiolect. A persons idiolect is his or her own personal language, the words they choose and any other features that characterise their speech. The term idiolect is intended to mark the notion of a language which is not the language of a community (sociolect) but rather of an individual, taking into consideration that some people have distinctive features in their language; these would be part of their idiolect, their individual linguistic choices and idiosyncrasies. Every idiolect includes the vocabulary appropriate to a persons various interests and activities, pronunciation which reflects the region in which we live or have lived, and variable styles of speaking that depend on whom we are addressing. It is the way each person groups his/her words or phrases in a sentence to convey a thought. Every speaker has a very rich active vocabulary built up over many years, which differs from the vocabularies of other people not only in terms of actual items but also in preferences for selecting certain items. Consequently, an idiolect is unique to each person, because each of us belongs to different social classes, we all speak a language variety. Thus we can say that the systemic research of verbal communicative behaviour of a person gives an opportunity to reveal speech personality, which in its turn is a clue to revealing personality or individuality as a whole.

Pamphlet- physiology doc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pamphlet- physiology doc - Essay Example h as cocaine or heroin, measurable changes in brain chemistry and physiology perpetuate the cycle of addiction.† 1 Addictive behavior may be the result of genetic factors even through there may be no contact between the generations through which it is perpetuated. â€Å"Genetic susceptibility to addiction is the result of the interaction of many genes.† 2 Again environmental factors like level of income, education, family status, crime record etc are also relevant factors in the matter. But the significant point that emerges from the research studies is that brain physiology can significantly be altered due to ingestion of drugs. Drug addiction interferes with the natural cycle and brain circuits and ‘neural functions in such a way as to render brain circuits mediating various behavioural effects of these drugs more or less, responsive to those effects.† 3 Serotonin and norepinephrine are considered to be drugs which elevate moods and alters the brain pattern to produce pleasurable sensations. Serotonin is considered to be major mood enhancer and is one of the main constituent in addictive drug groups. The effects of drugs are particularly marked in adolescent years. It is during these teenage years that the frontal cortex of the brain develops during this time, â€Å"a neural network that malfunctions as a consequence of chronic drug-taking, including the prefrontal cortex,† 4 which develops reasoning powers, mental personality development and confidence. The usage of mood enhancing drugs interferes with the natural development of the brain and the prolonged use could cause maldevelopment and stunted growth of this significant part of the brain. Drug addiction could be termed as a â€Å"chronically relapsing disorder† in which the drug addict has an uncontrollable frenzy to consume drugs. 5 It has been found that addict ion interferes with the addicts mental and physical health, impairs his judgment and decision making abilities and could be major cause for

Leadership and management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership and management - Term Paper Example This paper will discuss the dynamics of leadership that are required in order to ensure proper development as a nursing professional. The review of literature on the subject will compare nursing to actual practice needs and then further blend these concepts into a self-development program for career and leadership excellence. Expectations of the Role and its Relevance to Leadership Development According to Grossman & Valiga (2009, p.138) nurses must maintain diplomatic skills in order to facilitate better social working conditions and also manage conflicts as they arise. In order to accomplish this successfully, they must be â€Å"emotionally-intelligent thinkers who can be create and open to new possibilities between all group members† (Grossman & Valiga, p.138). The role requires an individual who can maintain their composure under pressure by identifying the emotional needs of others as a means to ensure minimal occurrences of poor peer working conditions. At the same time, nurses maintain a frontline position as both representatives of their employer, but also as an ongoing and constant patient resource for information. Morrison (2007) identifies that because of this frontline position, nurses must maintain a knowledge center to advise patients on their treatment options or current health and emotional needs. Nurses are described as patient advocates (Morrison, p.4) and thus social interaction will occur routinely with many patients of varying demographics and cultures. Blend together the need for diplomacy skills and the ability to function successfully with others of varying values and backgrounds and the first leadership skill requiring development is to improve knowledge in psychology and sociological theory. Even though this is provided at the school, a personal journey into the foundations of human interaction and inter-office communication are necessary to identify which strategies are most effective and which strategies generally lead to barr iers to achieving leadership status. If there is a need to identify with peer and supervisory job roles, with an emphasis on regulating the existence of conflict, digging deeper into primary and secondary literature on the subject comparing career individuals in the workplace with actual study outcomes. Behavioral knowledge development, then, should be a primary goal for success in nursing and being able to take a leadership role to help develop others. Understanding what drives the root of potential conflicts and how to appeal to motivational profiles and individual empathy strategies will require more intensive research so that leadership efforts are effective. How Nurses View Jobs Today There is a stoicism in nursing today, a form of resilience, that relies on structural integrity related to job function efficiency and job role mapping. According to one author in the health care industry, â€Å"Nurses believe it is essential to have smart, portable, point-of-care solutions to ca pture and share data, as well as routine communication† (Murphy, 2010, p.406). Concurrently, nurses also demand new innovations to improve workflow efficiency and end time wasting in the supply chain and care delivery process (Murphy). This shows a regard for authority hierarchy linkages to ensure that there are solutions that provide productivity rather than redundant

Energy Efficiency of a PRO Process

Energy Efficiency of a PRO Process Introduction The global energy demand is expeditiously increasing due to rapidly expanding population and their improved living standard. Although fossil fuels are mostly contributing to fulfilling this demand, the consumption has already exceeded the capacity of sustainable energy production (Efraty, 2013)(Yip et al., 2011). It is often claimed that we have enough reserves of coal, gas, and oil while the real scenario is different. Environment scientists reported that energy reserves are decreasing with time, which would be diminished within few decades (Figure 1). The lifetime of these reserves would be extended slightly if new reservoirs can be identified. Discovering new wells is becoming harder day-by-day and if it is discovered, the amounts of fuels would be significantly lower than the ones that have been found in the past1. Figure 1: The trends of global fossil fuels reserves[1] The rising energy demand and limited reserves of fossil fuels have motivated to researchers for exploring alternatives sources of renewable energy. Researchers have already discovered various sources of energy while wind, solar, tidal and biomass have been used for sustainable energy production (Straub, Deshmukh, Elimelech, 2015).ÂÂ   However, expensive equipment and high installation cost coupled with the uneven distribution of energy throughout the year have prevented them from being used widely (Sharif, Merdaw, Aryafar, Nicoll, 2014). Recently, a newly emerging source of clean energy called Osmotic power has attracted much attention to the researcher, which derived from salinity gradients found worldwide where two sources of water with different salinities are available next to each other (Y. C. Kim Elimelech, 2013).ÂÂ   The availability and predictability of osmotic power are much greater than the intermittent renewables like wind and solar. Salinity gradient is the difference in salt concentration between two solutions. The enormous amount of energy released from the mixing of two solutions of different salinities and this amount rises for higher concentration difference between the solutions. Small-scale investigations have been done for the mixing of freshwater and seawater, which reported that 2.6 MW energy produced for a flow of 1m3/s freshwater when mixed with seawater (Veerman, Saakes, Metz, Harmsen, 2009). Several technologies are being used to harvest osmotic power such as reverse electrodialysis (RED) (Achilli Childress, 2010) (Yip Elimelech, 2012),ÂÂ   pressure retarded osmosisÂÂ   (PRO) (Altaee Sharif, 2015)(Thorsen Holt, 2009)(Norman S., 2016), capacitive mixing (CAPMIX) (Reuters News Agency, n.d.), and hydrogel mixing (J. Kim, Jeong, Park, Shon, Kim, 2015). Among the technologies, RED and PRO are more advanced and demonstrated at pilot scale and both converts chemical potential to useful wo rk by the controlled mixing of two solutions of different salt concentration (Achilli Childress, 2010)(Yip Elimelech, 2014). RED is a membrane-based technology, which is driven by the Nernst potential, a manifestation of chemical potential difference. It uses a stack of altering ion exchange membranes that selectively allows ion permeation across the membranes. The net ion flux across the membranes is converted directly to electric current (Norman S., 2016)(Pattle, 1954). The process is very efficient for power generation but economically inefficient. The cost prices of available RED membrane is out of range, and recent investigations have showed that the price has to be reduced a hundred times to make the technology affordable (Post et al., 2010). The development of such type of membranes is very time consuming and difficult to achieve (Turek Bandura, 2007). Also, The operations of the RED process is complex and highly sensitive to the process parameters, which requires elaborate control system (Altaee Sharif, 2015). Alike reverse electrodialysis, PRO is also a membrane-based technology, but the difference is, PRO uses a single salt-rejecting semipermeable membrane instead of a stack of ion-exchange membranes. It utilizes the salinity gradient as osmotic power difference to drive the water permeation across the membrane from low salinity feed solution to high salinity draw solution. The expanding volume of draw solution flows through a hydro-turbine that generates useful mechanical and electrical works [18][19]. The design and operations of PRO are much simpler, and it does not depend too much on operational parameters except operating pressure of membrane at draw solution side. The recent analysis shows that PRO can achieve both greater efficiencies and power densities than RED and other existing technologies [14]. Most of the PRO studies have been focused on the mixing of seawater and freshwater, but this mixing scheme has been found to be unfeasible due to the lower power densities. Researchers agree that more study is necessary to assess the feasibility of processes based on streams of higher salinity. One of such processes is the energy recovery from desalination units by taking advantages of the mixing of discharged brine and seawater. Another process is the mixing of seawater with high salinity produced water from oil and natural gas exploration. However, the main problems of these process are concentraion polarization and salt leakage, which limit the PRO performance by reducing the driving force across the membrane. Before investigations to establish a viable PRO process for the large-scale operation, have focused on developing high-performance membrane and setting up suitable conditions to maximize the energy yields. Several thermodynamic properties are necessary to set up appropriate conditions to assess the performance of PRO process. The first of them is the Gibbs free energy of mixing because it provides the upper limit to the shaft power that is possible to recover from a mixing process, which occurs at constant temperature and pressure. Another property is osmotic pressure, which in necessary to establish operating pressure at different parts of the plant. Entropies and enthalpies are needed to evaluate the mechanical power of the rotary equipment involved. This work demonstrates a thermodynamic model to evaluate all of them in order to maximize the power recovery from PRO process. The Q-electrolattice equation of (EOS), which extends a lattice-based fluid model for electrolyte solutions, is adopted. The model also includes recently developed equations for PRO that considers concentration polarization; reverse salt permeability, and membrane fouling to predict water and salt flux across the membrane. In addition, most PRO models are based on solutions of Na+ and Cl ions only, whereas, in practice, saline water contains other ions in addition to these two.ÂÂ   This work reports simulations of PRO processes that consider the presence of multiple ions in solutions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42-). The existing model mostly uses different platforms to calculate osmotic power, power density, and flux across the membrane (e.g. OLI-software is used to calculate osmotic power and another program for flux and power density), that increase the possibility of getting erroneous value because all these are inter-dependent. On the other hand, this model constantly and accurately determines all of them by a single program. Initial investigations have been done for freshwater+sewater and seawater+brine systems with single-stage PRO configuration. The predicted osmotic pressure, water flux across the membrane and recoveries of mechanical power are in very good agreement with experimental literature data. This set of results suggests that the Q-electrolattice EOS is a suitable model for the calculation of thermodynamic properties needed to assess the performance of PRO plants.ÂÂ   Now, it is planning this model for very high salinity solutions with multiple stage configurations. A techno-economic analysis will be done for the feasibility study of PRO process implementing at industrial scale. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this work is to develop a thermoynamic model based on Q-electrolattice equation of state for PRO process, and implement it to predict different thermodynamic properties in order to caltulate water and salt flux across the membrane and power densities. The various objectives associated with this aim are delineated below: Implement Q-electrolattice equation of state for the solutions of multiple salts to calculate osmotic power and verify the results with literature experimental data. Implement recently developed mass and salt flux equations, which considered concentration polarization, reverse salt flux and fouling of membrane. Implement basic thermodynamic relations for PRO units to determine entropies and enethalpies accurately. Develop the model for freshwater-seawater system with single stage configuration and extended it for higher salinity system with multiple stage configuration. Implement the cost equations to determine the capital cost for installation of the PRO units. Literature Review Q-elctrolattice equation of state The elctrolattice equation of state (EOS) was developed using the same methodology presented by Myers et al. (Myers, Sandler, Wood, 2002), based on the Helmholtz energy approach. The residual Helmholtz energy at a given temperature and volume is calculated by the addition various contributions along a hypothetical path.ÂÂ   These contributions consist of ion-solvent and solvent-solvent interaction over the short range, solvation effects, and ion-ion interactions over the long range. The total process is divided into four steps along a thermodynamic path( a. Zuber et al., 2013): Step-1: It is assumed that a reference mixture consisting of charged ions and molecules is in a hypothetical ideal gas state at temperature T and volume V. In the first step, the charges on all ions are removed. The change in Helmholtz energy is accounted by the Born equation for ions in a vacuum, Step-2: The short-range attractive dispersion and repulsive forces due to excluded volume are turned on. Also, self-association of solvent molecules can occur. The MTC EOS is used to calculate the change in Helmholtz energy for this step,. Step-3: The ions are recharged. The change in Helmholtz energy is accounted for by the Born equation for ions in a dielectric solvent, Step-4: The long-range interactions among the ions in solution are taken into account using the Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA), and the corresponding change in the molar Helmholtz free energy is denoted by . The residual Helmholtz energy for forming an electrolyte solution is thus given by: wherein So, To model electrostatic interactions, a single salt electrolyte solution is divided into five regions: three for solvent (D, ÃŽÂ ±, and ÃŽÂ ²), one for cation (C) and one for anion (A). To determine the MTC Helmholtz energy change, the model uses seven parameters to represent pure solvents.ÂÂ   The model assumes that the region-region interaction (except for ÃŽÂ ±-ÃŽÂ ²) are dispersion interactions, which are temperature dependent. In addition, it also assumed that the short-range interactions between the ÃŽÂ ± and ÃŽÂ ² region are zero.ÂÂ   This is summarized below: In addition, hydrogen bonding interactions are taken to be temperature independent. It is assumed that the interaction between the solvent and each charged species is equal; short-range interaction between opposite ions and same charge are neglected altogether.ÂÂ   This is summarized below: The Q-electrolattice equation of state is an extended version of the EOS in which an explicit MSA term is used which allows for unequal ionic diameters (which are ultimately regressed using experimental data). PRO principles Basic Theory Reference: Achilli, A., Childress, A. E. (2010). Pressure retarded osmosis: From the vision of Sidney Loeb to the first prototype installation Review. Desalination, 261(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.017 Altaee, A., Sharif, A. (2015). Pressure retarded osmosis: advancement in the process applications for power generation and desalination. In Desalination (Vol. 356, pp. 31-46). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.028 Efraty, A. (2013). Pressure retarded osmosis in closed circuit: a new technology for clean power generation without need of energy recovery. Desalination and Water Treatment, 51(40-42), 7420-7430. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.793499 Kim, J., Jeong, K., Park, M. J., Shon, H. K., Kim, J. H. (2015). Recent advances in osmotic energy generation via pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO): A review. Energies, 8(10), 11821-11845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en81011821 Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2013). Potential of osmotic power generation by pressure retarded osmosis using seawater as feed solution: Analysis and experiments. Journal of Membrane Science, 429, 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.039 Myers, J. a., Sandler, S. I., Wood, R. H. (2002). An Equation of State for Electrolyte Solutions Covering Wide Ranges of Temperature, Pressure, and Composition. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 41(13), 3282-3297. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie011016g Norman, S. L., S., R. (2016). Osmotic Power Plants Author ( s ): Sidney Loeb and Richard S . Norman. Science, 189(4203), 654-655. Pattle, R. E. (1954). Production of Electric Power by mixing Fresh and Salt Water in the Hydroelectric Pile. Nature. Post, J. W., Goeting, C. H., Valk, J., Goinga, S., Veerman, J., Hamelers, H. V. M., Hack, P. J. F. M. (2010). Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power generation from salinity gradients. Desalination and Water Treatment, 16(1-3), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1093 Reuters News Agency. (n.d.). Norway Opens Worlds First Osmotic Power Plant. Retrieved January 17, 2013, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/24/us-nor way-osmotic-idUSTRE5A-N20Q20091124 Sharif, A., Merdaw, A., Aryafar, M., Nicoll, P. (2014). Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Potential of Osmotic Energy for Power Production. In Membranes (Vol. 4, pp. 447-468). https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes4030447 Straub, A. P., Deshmukh, A., Elimelech, M. (2015). Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable? Energy Environ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE02985F Thorsen, T., Holt, T. (2009). The potential for power production from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis, 335, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.003 Turek, M., Bandura, B. (2007). Renewable energy by reverse electrodialysis. Desalination, 205(1-3), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.041 Veerman, J., Saakes, M., Metz, S. J., Harmsen, G. J. (2009). Reverse electrodialysis: Performance of a stack with 50 cells on the mixing of sea and river water. Journal of Membrane Science, 327(1-2), 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.015 Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2012). Thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of power generation from natural salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(9), 5230-5239. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300060m Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2014). Comparison of Energy Efficiency and Power Density in Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Reverse Electrodialysis (7th Editio). Yip, N. Y., Tiraferri, A., Phillip, W. A., Schiffman, J. D., Hoover, L. A., Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2011). Thin-film composite pressure retarded osmosis membranes for sustainable power generation from salinity gradients{_}. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(10), 4360-4369. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104325z Zuber, A., Figueiredo, R., Castier, M. (2014). Fluid Phase Equilibria Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of single and multiple salts using the Q-electrolattice equation of state. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 362, 268-280. Zuber,ÂÂ   a., Checoni, R. F., Mathew, R., Santos, J. P. L., Tavares, F. W., Castier, M. (2013). Thermodynamic Properties of 1:1 Salt Aqueous Solutions with the Electrolattice Equation of State. Oil Gas Science and Technology Revue dIFP Energies Nouvelles, 68(2), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012088 This work focuses on developing a thermodynamic model to analyse the energy efficiency of a PRO process in order to maximize the power recovery. It uses Q-electrolattice equation of state (developed for mixtures with mixed electrolytes) that can accurately determine various thermodynamics properties such as vapor pressure, osmotic coefficient, osmotic pressure, entropy and enthalpy at different conditions of concentration temperature and pressure (A. Zuber, Figueiredo, Castier, 2014). The model is implemented to XSEOS excel tool to calculate these thermodynamic properties. Moreover, it does not have any limitations to calculate osmotic pressure and other properties for very high concentraion solution containing multiple salts at extreme high temperation and pressure conditions. Achilli, A., Childress, A. E. (2010). Pressure retarded osmosis: From the vision of Sidney Loeb to the first prototype installation Review. Desalination, 261(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.017 Altaee, A., Sharif, A. (2015). Pressure retarded osmosis: advancement in the process applications for power generation and desalination. In Desalination (Vol. 356, pp. 31-46). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.028 Efraty, A. (2013). Pressure retarded osmosis in closed circuit: a new technology for clean power generation without need of energy recovery. Desalination and Water Treatment, 51(40-42), 7420-7430. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.793499 Kim, J., Jeong, K., Park, M. J., Shon, H. K., Kim, J. H. (2015). Recent advances in osmotic energy generation via pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO): A review. Energies, 8(10), 11821-11845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en81011821 Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2013). Potential of osmotic power generation by pressure retarded osmosis using seawater as feed solution: Analysis and experiments. Journal of Membrane Science, 429, 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.039 Myers, J. a., Sandler, S. I., Wood, R. H. (2002). An Equation of State for Electrolyte Solutions Covering Wide Ranges of Temperature, Pressure, and Composition. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 41(13), 3282-3297. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie011016g Norman, S. L., S., R. (2016). Osmotic Power Plants Author ( s ): Sidney Loeb and Richard S . Norman. Science, 189(4203), 654-655. Pattle, R. E. (1954). Production of Electric Power by mixing Fresh and Salt Water in the Hydroelectric Pile. Nature. Post, J. W., Goeting, C. H., Valk, J., Goinga, S., Veerman, J., Hamelers, H. V. M., Hack, P. J. F. M. (2010). Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power generation from salinity gradients. Desalination and Water Treatment, 16(1-3), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1093 Reuters News Agency. (n.d.). Norway Opens Worlds First Osmotic Power Plant. Retrieved January 17, 2013, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/24/us-nor way-osmotic-idUSTRE5A-N20Q20091124 Sharif, A., Merdaw, A., Aryafar, M., Nicoll, P. (2014). Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Potential of Osmotic Energy for Power Production. In Membranes (Vol. 4, pp. 447-468). https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes4030447 Straub, A. P., Deshmukh, A., Elimelech, M. (2015). Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable? Energy Environ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE02985F Thorsen, T., Holt, T. (2009). The potential for power production from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis, 335, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.003 Turek, M., Bandura, B. (2007). Renewable energy by reverse electrodialysis. Desalination, 205(1-3), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.041 Veerman, J., Saakes, M., Metz, S. J., Harmsen, G. J. (2009). Reverse electrodialysis: Performance of a stack with 50 cells on the mixing of sea and river water. Journal of Membrane Science, 327(1-2), 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.015 Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2012). Thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of power generation from natural salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(9), 5230-5239. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300060m Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2014). Comparison of Energy Efficiency and Power Density in Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Reverse Electrodialysis (7th Editio). Yip, N. Y., Tiraferri, A., Phillip, W. A., Schiffman, J. D., Hoover, L. A., Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2011). Thin-film composite pressure retarded osmosis membranes for sustainable power generation from salinity gradients{_}. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(10), 4360-4369. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104325z Zuber, A., Figueiredo, R., Castier, M. (2014). Fluid Phase Equilibria Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of single and multiple salts using the Q-electrolattice equation of state. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 362, 268-280. Zuber,ÂÂ   a., Checoni, R. F., Mathew, R., Santos, J. P. L., Tavares, F. W., Castier, M. (2013). Thermodynamic Properties of 1:1 Salt Aqueous Solutions with the Electrolattice Equation of State. Oil Gas Science and Technology Revue dIFP Energies Nouvelles, 68(2), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012088 [1] All fossil fuel reserve and consumption data from CIA World Factbook

“My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning Essay

The speaker is notably a snobbish, childish, and indifferent Duke. He does not seem to have any remorse for his murder of his â€Å"Duchess† and remains arrogantly steadfast to his justification that his murder was for the cause of her (the Duchess’s) â€Å"too soon made glad† by other men, and her smiles to everyone who passed. He describes her as if she was just another distant thing in the past, and disregards the painting of her as just another piece of artwork. The poem begins with the Duke of Ferrara introducing the painting to an audience (probably another duke). He begins with how the painting was made, and then moves on to how her â€Å"heart [was] too easily impressed†. As the poem develops, the Duke becomes more and more spiteful about his â€Å"last Duchess† and feels that she regarded his gifts as â€Å"anybody’s gift†. He resents her smiles to him because she smiles to all who passed, and resolved to give commands to stop all the smiles together. Finally, he moves on to show his other artworks in his collection, referring to his Neptune taming a sea-horse sculpture. The poem has rhyming lines, but the rhyme is usually in the middle of an idea or sentence, giving the poem a thrusting movement forward. The mainly iambic pentameter unifies the poem, with occasional trochaic, dactylic, and anapestic words to offset certain ideas, such as â€Å"countenance†, â€Å"busily†, â€Å"easily†, â€Å"broke in†, and â€Å"all smiles†. Certain denotative words such as â€Å"countenance† and â€Å"earnest† also offset certain ideas, as well as give subliminal messages revealing the Duke’s murderous intents. #2The Duke of Ferrara craves attention, and would kill those who do not pay special attention to him. The poem starting in the middle of some Duke’s guide through his art collection, with no reference to things directly before or after, other than a few allusions to the past, leaves the reader slightly bewildered, and forces the reader to thread together the ideas into a complete, comprehensive picture. The reader must pay close attention in order to understand the meaning of the poem; similarly, the Duke of Ferrara wants people to pay dedicated attention to him to understand his character. From the beginning of the poem, it is obvious that the Duke regards his â€Å"last Duchess† as merely a â€Å"wonder†, a replaceable piece of artwork, with her memory just another thing of the past. He recalls the painter of his Duchess’s portrait, Fra Pandolf, and his ability to capture the depth and passion of the Duchess’s â€Å"countenance† in an â€Å"earnest glance†. He boasts of the glance as â€Å"her husband’s presence only†, but from there he remembers the way in which his Duchess blushed at the painter’s flattering remarks. From there, the Duke digresses and lapses into arrogant and childish jealousy. â€Å"She had a heart †¦ how shall I say? †¦ too soon made glad† was his initial criticism. As the poem develops, the Duke becomes increasingly critical of his Duchess’s â€Å"smiles† and attention to everyone, with no singular attention to him. He transgresses from his reminiscing by concluding that he â€Å"gave commands; /Then all smiles stopped together.† The Duke then moves on to other artworks such as his â€Å"Neptune [†¦] taming a sea-horse† and comments that it is a â€Å"rarity†, further demeaning the importance of his â€Å"last duchess†. The poem has rhyming lines, but the rhyme is usually in the middle of an idea or sentence, giving the poem a thrusting movement forward while maintaining certain continuity for the reader. The reader must pay close attention to not skimming the poem because of the thrusts at the end of lines, again reinforcing the theme of attention-craving. The mainly iambic pentameter unifies the poem, with occasional trochaic, dactylic, and anapestic words to offset certain ideas, such as â€Å"countenance† (for diction), â€Å"busily† (emphasize jealousy), â€Å"easily† (emphasize Duchess’s â€Å"too easily impressed†), and â€Å"all smiles† (emphasizing again the â€Å"too soon made glad†). Certain denotative words such as â€Å"countenance† (appearance or a look of encouragement) and â€Å"earnest† (meaning either sincere or grave/serious) also offset certain ideas, as well as give subliminal messages revealing the Duke’s mur derous intents.

Marriage Proposal

A Marriage Proposal (sometimes translated as simply The Proposal, Russian: ) is a one-act farce by Anton Chekhov, written in 1888-1889 and first performed in 1890. It is a fast-paced play of dialogue-based action and situational humour. Characters Stepan Stepanovitch Tschubokov, 70 years old, a landowner †¢Natalia Stepanovna, his daughter, 25 years old Ivan Vassiliyitch Lomov, 35 years old, a neighbour of Tschubukov, a large and hearty, but very suspicious landowner Plot synopsis Ivan Vassiliyitch Lomov, a long-time neighbor of Stepan Stepanovitch Chubukov, has come to propose marriage to Chubukov's 25-year-old daughter, Natalia. After he has asked and received joyful permission to marry Natalia, she is invited into the room, and he tries to convey to her the proposal.Lomov is a hypochondriac, and, while trying to make clear his reasons for being there, he gets into an argument with Natalia about The Oxen Meadows, a disputed piece of land between their respective properties, whi ch results in him having â€Å"palpitations† and numbness in his leg. After her father notices they are arguing, he joins in, and then sends Ivan out of the house. While Stepan rants about Lomov, he expresses his shock that â€Å"this fool dares to make you (Natalia) a proposal of marriage! † This news she immediately starts into hysterics, begging for her father to bring him back.He does, and Natalia and Ivan get into a second big argument, this time about the superiority of their respective hunting dogs, Otkatai and Ugadi. Ivan collapses from his exhaustion over arguing, and father and daughter fear he's died. However, after a few minutes he regains consciousness, and Tschubukov all but forces him and his daughter to accept the proposal with a kiss. Immediately following the kiss, the couple get into another argument. Themes The farce explores the process of getting married and could be read as a satire on the upper middle class and courtship.The play points out the struggle to balance the economic necessities of marriage and what the characters themselves actually want. It shows the characters' desperation for marriage as comical. In Chekhov's Russia, marriage was a mean of economic stability for most people. They married to gain wealth and possessions or to satisfy social pressure. The satire is conveyed successfully by emphasizing the couple's foolish arguments over small things. The main arguments in the play revolve around The Oxen Meadows and two dogs called Ugadi and Otkatai. Performance history The Proposal was successful in its first runs in St.Petersburg and Moscow, and quickly became popular in small towns across Russia. [1] Tsar Alexander III liked the play when he had it performed for him. [2] Chekhov himself thought farces were not really worth much as literature; before its success, he called The Proposal a â€Å"wretched, boring, vulgar little skit. â€Å"[3] He advised its director, Leontiev, to â€Å"roll cigarettes out of it for all I care. â€Å"[3] When Vassar College staged The Proposal in the 1920s, they performed it three times in one evening, each with a very different staging: â€Å"as realism, expressionism, and constructivism. [2] In the second version, played closer to tragedy, the actors were masked, and in the third the actors were all dressed in work suits in a playground, tossing a ball between them. [2] In 1935 in the Soviet Union, the seminal Russian theatre practitioner Vsevolod Meyerhold combined The Proposal with Chekhov's other short plays The Bear and The Anniversary to form a three-act play called 33 Swoons that demonstrated the weakness of the pre-revolutionary intelligentsia. [4] [hide]v †¢ d †¢ eWorks by Anton Chekhov Biography †¢ Bibliography PlaysPlatonov (1881) †¢ On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco (1886, 1902) †¢ Swansong (1887) †¢ Ivanov (1887) †¢ The Bear (1888) †¢ A Reluctant Tragic Hero (1889) †¢ The Wedding (1889) †¢ The Wood Demon (1889) †¢ A Marriage Proposal (1890) †¢ The Festivities (1891) †¢ The Seagull (1896) †¢ Uncle Vanya (1897) †¢ Three Sisters (1901) †¢ The Cherry Orchard (1904) NovellasThe Shooting Party (1884) †¢ The Steppe (1888) †¢ The Duel (1891) †¢ The Story of an Unknown Man (1893) †¢ Three Years (1895) †¢ My Life (1896) Related articlesChekhov's gun †¢Analysis of Anton Chechov's play.Plot of courtship of Lomov and neighbor's daughter Natalya. Importance of land and money to the characters. Reasons for their constant fighting. Depiction of the rual social system and its relationship to the characters. The play as a metaphor for marriage as a continuing battle ground. †¢From the Paper: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ In the short play â€Å"A Marriage Proposal,† Anton Chekhov describes the odd courtship of Lomov, who seeks a marriage with his neighbor's daughter. Lomov and the woman he wants to marry fight before he can make his proposal, fight while he proposes, and fight after she agrees to marry him.They tend to fight every time they speak to one another, and while this alarms her father at first, he decides that the two just like to fight with each other. In the end, the father calls this last fight the â€Å"beginning of family happiness,† though it is doubtful that a couple can fight all the time and achieve anything like bliss. The meeting between Lomov and Tchubukov suggests one sort of neighborhood arrangement, for Tchubukov could not be friendlier and more delighted to see Lomov, happier being asked about the marriage, and more positive about Lomov's prospects. †¢A Marriage Proposal is a text play written by Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, and then it is translated into English version by Hilmar Baukhage and Barrett H. Clark. The story is initiated by the explanation of setting in the text play which takes place in the reception room at Tschubukov’s country home, in Russia. T here are merely three characters involved in this text play namely: Stepan Stepanovitch Tschubukov (Natalia’s father), Natalia Stepanovna (Stepan’s daughter, 25 years old)), and Ivan Vassiliyitch Lomov (Stepan’s neighbor who falls for Natalia).The plot of the text play has been so hilarious and entertaining. It simply enlightens readers that two people who fall in love each other can never be entirely united if they cannot take the edge off their own selfishness. †¢Each character actually holds different identifying features but in general we can conclude that they share the same attitude, i. e. egoistic, stubborn, and high self-esteem. They stick to their belief that the meadows—thing which is being tightly debated belong to their own family.Tschubukov, in fact, agrees to the marriage proposal proposed by his neighbor toward his daughter. But gradually he changes his mind when Lomov starts the debate that the meadows belong to his family. Indeed, Na talia and her father get mad. They simply yet totally debate and argue trivial matters such as dogs and meadows. The ultimate goal, the marriage proposal, should have been achieved earlier if Lomov doesn’t start the debate and Natalia doesn’t respond to every trivial matter in which Lomov states, for they both are fully aware that they love each other. The segmentation of this text play only consists of a single scene. It most likely leads the readers to come up with the idea that it is easily-to-read text play. In this text play, dialogue, as the most prominent primary text, plays a very significant role, for it provides the readers with funny and entertaining dialogue among the three characters. These kinds of dialogue will simply make the readers understand the text comprehensively because readers seems to enjoy a lot a text play with witty and amusing dialogue rather than serious and complicated ones.Comedy is the generic convention of this text play, for the indic ation says so—the humor mostly comes from the three characters’ arguments about the meadows and the dogs. The story also employs a tone of irony. Those three characters wish the marriage to be held and done but their insensitivity almost postpones the marriage. As a whole, the story is ended by an open ending. It remains blur to where the story will go but at least, the dispute is resolved. †¢ Anton Chekhov has a unique writing style. He goes to the extreme to prove a point, in this story capital punishment.In true life, I doubt that a person who would stay imprisoned for fifteen years voluntarily. Also, a bet like this one would have been considered as not authentic, because these gentlemen were having a heated discussion where violence could have possibly taken place. Also both men were young and hot tempered, they made their decisions irrationally without much thought of the consequences this bet does. The banker underestimates his fortune, and is too proud to rethink his offer. The lawyer is also a senseless young man who is a zealot and does not value life as much as his cause.Another style Chekhov’s writing’s have is the intense physiological transformations each character †¢ †¢was going through. One moment, which was very apparent, was the banker thinking of the ways of killing the lawyer. He debates in his mind whether to kill him. Slowly he agrees to kill the lawyer and premeditates the murder. The banker believes that the murder would be blamed on the watch and that the lawyer had become so weak that he could easily killed him without struggle. Chekhov was able to weave the thoughts of a character into something dark and evil. He discovers the human personality at its worst.Another issue Chekhov approaches is greed. Perhaps, the lawyer had taken the bet partially because of the money was worth; the whole story revolves around greed. Also another scene where greed was present was when the banker was speculati ng how to pay off the lawyer. â€Å"Why didn’t t †¢ Genre denotes a systematic way to categorize literature. The term might be considered academic jargon; however, it produces up a set of expectations that allow us to judge literature. These expectations or criteria also allow us to compare with other literature in the same as well as different genres.In spite of these expectations, genre does not dictate a set of rigid rules; in fact, genre is more descriptive than prescriptive. Problems in defining genre often arise because there are frequently sub-genres: romantic comedy might be considered a sub-genre of comedy, revenge tragedy of tragedy and gothic horror of horror. It becomes increasingly difficult to see where one sub-genre ends and another begins. Also these categories are seldom pure. For example, Hamlet, a revenge tragedy, includes aspects of romance and even a comic scene or two.Our popular culture makes defining genre challenging because what is vital one da y might disappear the next. An example of this is the current insistence upon a happy ending. Since tragedy is often characterized by an unhappy or â€Å"right† ending, according to Aristotle, popular culture no longer welcomes the tragedy with the relish it did at other times in history. Our Town being the exception that comes to mind, as well as the one-man shows. Poetry makes frequent use of this voice. In Daddy by Sylvia Plath, the author address â€Å"Daddy† throughout the poem.Shannon Chamberlain's use of Aesop's fable The Parrot and his Cage was another example of this single voice narrative. A second voice option is the drama or dialogue that involves talking between two characters with no narration. All of the plays we are reading in class fit this category as well as Stacy Burleson's example of Merlin as a legend in film. Finally, the combination of the narrator plus dialogue is just as it seems, a narrator talks to the audience (or reader) but the characters talk to each other. The TV shows The Fugitive, Dragnet, and Twilight Zone come to mind as examples of this.Narrative genre, by contrast, focuses on the storyline or plot. Tragedy frequently introduces a problem, there is struggle for control, finally a realistic and often unhappy ending that resolves the problem. Examples of this include: Romeo and Juliet (Sylvia Duncan's presentation), the recent Academy Award winner American Beauty and Moby Dick (Doris Herrmann's presentation). Comedy is another plot or storyline that usually deals with a less significant problem, there is an attempt to solve it, but the ending often brings people together.Examples of comedy are: Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Ernest, A Marriage Proposal by Anton Chekhov, and the movie Sixteen Candles shown in class by Laura Peterson. Romance may center [or conclude] on a transcendence where the problem often includes separation, a journey or adventure might be included. [The plot of romance would be the s truggle to achieve this transcendence or goal. ] Characters are more predictable and are frequently good or bad with very little complexity. The excerpt of Sleepy Hollow shown by Cara Skinner is an example of this. true] Pygmalion and Shakespeare in Love might fit her; however, these characters do show considerably more depth than the norm. [This is a good reminder of how good any genre can be. ] Satire pokes fun at a social situation or institution and assumes the audience is familiar with what is being satirized. There is usually a less serious tone than with the original. Examples are seen in the play within a play in MidSummer Night's Dream. [good] Political cartoons and Moliere's The Misanthrope also display elements of a satire.ThePlay, â€Å"A Marriage Proposal†, shows how consideration of property and even our pride in property override other feelings and emotions like those generally associated with love and marriage. Even marriage is prompted by economic considerati ons, not by emotions. ;nbs p; Stepan Stepanovitch Tschubukov and Ivan Vassiliyitch Lomov were neighbours in a village. Natalia Stepanovna was the daughter of Tschubukov. Lomov a man of thirty five wanted to marry. He thought Natalia was good at farm work and she was not bad looking. So he came to the house of Tschubukov one evening to propose to Natalia.Naturally he was in his best clothes befitting the occasion of a marriage proposal. Tschubukov received him cordially in his reception room. Like every young man going to make a marriage proposal Lomov was also excited and nervous. After some nervous stammering, he told Tschubokov that he wanted Natalia’s hand in marriage. Tschubokov was very excited and happy at the proposal. He went out and sent Natalia into the room to meet the suitor. Natalia was not told of the purpose of Lomov. Natalia and Lomov began to talk. ;nbs p; Lomov was more nervous as he was facing the bride. He made a strong preface before coming to the proposa l.He told Natalia about how the Lomovs and the Tschubukovs had been good neighbours on good terms for many years. In this context, he mentioned that his meadow touched the birch woods of Tschubukov. Natalia was surprised to hear that the meadows belonged to Lomov. She claimed that the plot of land belonged to them, the Tschubukovs. A bitter quarrel ensued. Lomov claimed it belonged to him and Natalia too claimed it to be theirs. Lomov forgot his original purpose. They called each other names, even though a little while ago they were full of good neighbourly feelings. Tschubukov came in and heard their quarrel.He too claimed that the meadow belonged to him. The quarrel grew even bitterer. They called each other names and began to expose the scandals of each others’ families. Lomov had a weak heart. He used to have palpitation in the heart. He was excited and he fainted. He rose and left the house. At this juncture, Tschubukov remarked that such a fool had dared to come seeking the hand of Natalia. ;nbs p; The moment she heard that he had come to propose to her, Natalia changed her tone. She asked her father to bring back Lomov. Her self interest overruled all other considerations like her loyalty to her family.Lomov came back. Natalia was all politeness. She even conceded that the meadow belonged to Lomov. After all, if they were married, the meadow would come to be hers only. Lomov informed that he would go hunting after the harvest. He was sorry that his dog Ugadi limped and he began to praise his dog. He thought that a hundred and twenty five roubles that he had paid for it was very cheap for such a good dog. Natalia, however, thought that it was a very high price because her father had paid only eighty-five roubles for their dog Otkatai, which was a better dog than Ugadi. nbs p; Lomov disagreed and asserted that Otkatai had a lower jaw and Ugadi was a far better dog than Otkatai. Once again their pride in their dogs led to another quarrel. Tschubukov came in and joined the quarrel. Lomov once again got excited and he fainted. Tschubukov who knew the importance of getting his daughter married, at once joined the hands of Natalia and Lomov and declared that Natalia agreed to the match. Natalia too, declared that she was willing and Lomov declared that he too, was happy. Tschubukov shouted for champagne to celebrate the intended marriage.

Story of an Hour vs Lamb to the Slaughter - 1328 Words

Nowadays, freedom is a fundamental right for each man and woman, but it is not a perfect concept. When one’s freedom is endangered, he can do unimaginable things, especially when love is at stake or can react weirdly when he acquires it. It’s exactly what Kate Chopin, a female American author during the 19th century, did when she treated about women’s conditions in the short-story Story of an Hour in 1894, where a woman falsely learns about his husband’s death. Almost 60 years later, Roald Dahl wrote Lamb To The Slaughter, set in Great Britain, where a woman kills her husband and hide the evidences cleverly. These two short stories are not only comparative on the two female protagonists and the imagery used, but also on the main themes†¦show more content†¦However, in the slaughter to the house, the place of freedom is completely different . On the opposite, in Lamb To The slaughter, freedom has almost nothing to do with the theme. Of course, when she kills her husband, she is free in a certain way, but it’s only a minor theme. It would be more about betrayal like it is seen in the story. So there it is, ÃŒ  he added. ÃŒ And I know its kind of a bad time to be telling you, but there simply wasnt any other way. Of course lIl give you money and see youre looked after. But there neednt really be any fuss. I hope not anyway. It wouldnt be very good for my job. ÃŒ  †¨ Indeed, the fact that Patrick Maloney wants to leave her unexpectedly while she is pregnant is at least one example of betrayal. He wants to keep it low and not make a fuss because it would be bad for his image. It is almost as if he only cared about himself, while not caring about his wife nor his child and simply giving her money, thinking that it would repair everything. Furthermore, Mrs. Maloney also betrays him by ultimately killing him with the leg of lamb and also with the fact that she plotted to cover her crime. The imagery used in this short story by Kate Chopin is very powerful. We get to fully experience the way her husband’s death afflicted the protagonist with the use of certain types of imagery. â€Å"She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. TheShow MoreRelatedAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesprofile of media-making articles 54 Large outbreaks; illnesses 54 Widespread outbreaks; more than one cluster of illnesses 54 Imported produce 54 Management practices can be employed to contain/reduce exposure 55 Complete story of investigation 55 Stigma of established pathogens/vehicles 56 Recommendations for on-farm food safety implementation teams 57 Employ proactive risk communication strategies 57 Promote the use and expansion of surveillance and inspection