Cool hand luke

Cool consider Luke Film Analysis In straighten out we watched the pip Cool Hand Luke, which is about the protagonist Luke, who is arrested for destroying several parking meters late one night while drunk in a piddling town, Luke was sentenced to prison. Luke was rebellious with little respect for authority, had more spunk than good sense. Luke gains the respect of his fellow inmates by his frequent escape attempts and refusal to break under to harsh punishment. The inmates banged Lakes valiant behavior and ambition for trying to succeed while he was incarcerated. Luke never backed down from a fight or a halogen.Luke was well like to where his fellow inmates gave him the nickname Cool Hand Luke. To be honest, in my first attempt of watching the take away Cool Hand Luke I did not enjoy the film, After watching the film a couple of times it sort of hit me with all of the things the film used to have symbolism and to fiber the film to The Bible. There were many examples, but on ly a few stood out to me such as like the apostle, Luke. Lakes identification number is thirty seven, which in reference refers to the Book of Luke 137, For with God no thing shall be James Bible).In the film Luke devoured fifty eggs. Which In reference was for the fifty prisoners. So Luke therefore preoccupied all of their sins once he ate all the eggs. After eating the eggs Luke was left on the table to recovery from cruelly over feeding his body, Luke is laying down on the table In the public figure of a cross. (Referred in the picture below (iambus. Com) After a couple of viewings of Cool Hand Luke I can truly appreciate this great American classic and see why It was rated In the top 100 films of America by IAMB and ETC. I can truly appreciate how the movie was nominated for four AcademyAwards and see why It at least won one award, this film Is truly beautiful and Inspiring It Is one that should be a mandatory must watch. Cool hand Luke By mosquitoes refers to the Book of Lu ke 137, For with God no thing shall be impossible. (King James Bible). In the film Luke devoured fifty eggs. Which in reference was for the fifty body, Luke is laying down on the table in the shape of a cross. (Referred in the American classic and see why it was rated in the top 100 films of America by IAMB Awards and see why it at least won one award, this film is truly beautiful and inspiring it is one that should be a mandatory must watch.

Males and females

Much research studies had focused on the behavior of mannish delinquency. However, there has been a steady renegade of juvenile egg-producing(prenominal) offenders as well as on the criminal justice system. Media has sensationalized the account of effeminate violence. The rise in number of arrests however, can also be attributed to changes in policies in police practices, rather than a drastic change in womens behavior. rough of these arrests were assault-related. While former juvenile offenses were once labeled as non-criminal offenses such as a girl being hit by a commence shoves her in self-defense and runs away from home. Whereas such an offense would be labeled before as runaway offense, today this might cause her to be supercharged of assault, which is a criminal offense.However, in criminal offenses such as robbery, fe phallic youths had been seen as becoming more involved in what used to be a predominantly male offense. Youth side, especially among urban girls is a causal factor for most of such crime. Pop culture among adolescents places great importance on high-end branded clothes, latest electronic gadgets, looks that try to imitate Hollywood celebrities and fashion models, which had placed greater pressure on growing adolescents for peer acceptance.Youth cut down culture has greatly caused an obvious division among differences in economic status, and the desire to keep up the Joneses breeds the environment for some youths to victimize their own peers in aim to buy the desirable goods which they would not have been able to afford otherwise. Other studies had also attributed thrill and excitement as robbery-causing factors among youths who were inclined to show-off. Although there ar less occurrences of female robberies than among males, both has expressed the same motivation for committing the crime, and that is to acquire more money in order to have goods that bestow high status among peers.Female youth offenders were less likely to use weapons compared to males, and is much more characterized by harassing and hijacking youths of lesser age for petty amounts of cash and in some cases, jewelry. It has also been found that there is also a high correlation between poor relationships with mother-daughter which causes an increase among female adolescents to seek peer reputation which in turn becomes a contributing factor for female delinquency (Kerperlman & Smith-Adcock. Female Adolescents Delinquent Activity)A comparative study between male and female offenses however has shown that there is a significant difference between their criminal activities. Young men were more likely to resort to use weapons (guns) than girls. Knives were more of girls survival of the fittest of weapon if they do resort to using one. Female offenders were more likely to commit murder because of conflict rather than during the act of other crime such as robbery. Assaults done by girls are more frequently done against ones own family members. Males are more often arrested for more life-threatening crimes such as rape, homicide, or burglary than young females. While there is a growing belief that female behavior has greatly changed among offenders today, suggesting that girls are taking everywhere more masculine-related crimes, the offenses of male and female youth delinquency had both risen therefore change of behavior cannot solely be blamed on changes of female youth behavior but changes on the over-all young population in general. There is also no evidence that female offenders gained an increase of status among male peers since such offenses were done mostly among female younger victims (J. Weiler. Girls and Violence).Reference1. Kerpelman, J & Smith-Adcock S. Female Adolescents Delinquent Activity. Vol. 37, No. 2, 176-200. 20052. Chesney-Lind M, Paramore V. Are Girls Getting more than Violent? Exploring Juvenile Robbery Trends. 19983. Cited by Weiler, J. Girls and Violence. ERIC Digest, No. 143. http//www.ericdi gests.org/1999-4/girls.htm

Romeo and Juliet 5 Paragraph Essay

In many literary works, there are methods that authors use to make a story better. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, hammy chaff is the driving method. dramatic irony is some(prenominal)thing in which characters do not know something, but the reader or audience knows what the true reality is. According to some researchers, A staple of Elizabethan and Shakespearean drama was dramatic irony (Halio 25). Furthermore some researchers also belive that dramatic irony is rattling prominent in the play, One of the more prominent literary devices in the play is irony (Sauer 673).Romeo and Juliet, and also their friends and families face a lot of instances of dramatic irony in the story. Dramatic irony creates suspense and adds to the conflict that exists between the Capulets and the Montagues in Shakespeares, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet occurs when Juliet and Romeo fall in love with each other at offset printing sight, w hen Romeos friends dont know that Romeo and Juliet have fallen in love with each other, and when Lady Capulet thinks that Juliet is crying about Paris, not Romeo. Romeo in the beginning of the play had been crying about how he could not get Rosaline, a Capulet.After all of the crying and weeping, Benvolio and Mercutio try to get Romeo to go to a fellowship at the Capulet house. Romeo only agrees so that he baron be able to catch a glimpse of Rosaline. When he goes to the party, rather than falling for Rosaline, he sees other beautiful girl that he instantly falls in love with. This girl is Juliet, the cousin of Rosaline, and she also falls in love with Romeo at first sight as well. Romeo and Juliet meet, they dance, but still do not know who each other are. Romeo before leaving the party asks the reserve who that girl (Juliet) is and she replies by saying that Juliet is the daughter of Lady Capulet.Romeo is taken external completely by this and says, O dear account My life is m y foes debt (Romeo and Juliet 1. 5. 118). Juliet also asks the nurse and the nurse responds by saying that Romeo is a Montague, and like just like Romeo, she is also taken away. The dramatic irony of this is the fact that Romeos (Montague) and Juliet (Capulet) families are very high profile enemies to each other. The fact that they have fallen in love with each other is a very ironic, as now if they deal their love to maven some other, they are sure to face major problems down the line.After twain Romeo and Juliet have fallen in love with each other, nobody in all of Verona and beyond knows about it, not a single person except Romeo and Juliet. Many people still believe that Romeo is still falling for Rosaline. In fact, at one point Mercutio exclaimed, Why that same pale hearted wench, that Rosaline torments him, so that he will sure run mad (Romeo and Juliet 2. 4. 4-5). Even until after their marriage, both Romeo and Juliet are pretty secretive about the love or the marriage, e xcept for Juliet expressing her feeling to the nurse.Juliet only told the nurse because she loves the nurse and trusted her as well, and needed the sustain of the nurse to get married to Romeo. The first time that the majority of people would know about the marriage or love would be when Friar Lawrence would publically announce it to Verona. The dramatic irony in all of this is the fact that after all of the major events (fights, family brawls, and the murder of Mercutio and Tybalt), no one knows that one of the Capulets is married to one of the Montagues. Something like this at the time period would be extremely unacceptable, and even in the time period would be ironic.After news of the murder of Tybalt and Mercutio is delivered to Juliet through the Nurse, Juliet is devastated. referable to the nurse being so unclear, Juliet thinks that both Romeo and Tybalt both have died. Once things clear up, Juliet figures out that Romeo has killed Tybalt, and her first reaction to this is anger toward Romeo. After things cool down, she feels incompetent that she has said this, and she takes her words back. Once Juliet learns about the punishment Romeo gets she feels the worst she has ever felt. Romeo was given the sentence of exile, which in the time period meant no connection to people, whatsoever.Due to this Juliet knows that she might never ever see the love of her life, at all. To Juliet this meant that there would be no more Romeo, Juliet feels that Romeo is no longer her lover, and she cant have him again (Moffat 139). She started crying a lot after this, so much that her parents had to come to her room and see what was going on. When Lady Capulet inquired as to why Juliet was crying, Juliet right away said that she was crying about the horrible death of Tybalt. Lady Capulet responds to this by saying, Well, girl thou weepst not so much for his death, as that the baddie lives which slaughtered him (Romeo and Juliet 3. . 65-66). Juliet had just tricked her mot her into thinking that she wasnt crying for Romeo, but rather Tybalt. The dramatic irony in this case is that the reader knows that Juliet is lying to her mother, but Lady Capulet actually believes this, and goes along with it. Dramatic irony was a driving method of keeping things fresh in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. One of the most prominent instances of dramatic irony in the play was when Romeo and Juliet fall in love with each other, causing for great irony in the fact that they did not know.Another instance of dramatic irony is when nobody but Romeo and Juliet know about the love that they share, making great irony because a lot of events occur after their marriage. And finally another instance of dramatic irony is when Juliet tricks her mother into thinking that she is crying to Tybalt rather than Romeo. If in any of these examples, Romeo and Juliet were to know what was going to happen, there really would be no story. It was important that Shakespeare impleme nted dramatic irony into the play, as without it, the story would be quite plain and boring.

Assignment: Change Models Essay

In this paper the administrator at a high-end retail chain exchange luxury watches, jewelry, and hand bags is in charge of the companys first expansion in the outside(a) pool, which is about a forward-looking store open in Shanghai, chinaware. This is only a short stipulation prey as the company expects to open several stores in the BRIC countries, much(prenominal) as Brazil, Russia, India, and mainland China, which is the long-term plan. The executive director explains the chain dumbfounds used to follow the short-term and long-term goals and the effects these changes would have on executives, managers, and employees from the company.Organizational revisionChange is not easy to implement and plan. It requires a lot of responsibility for the ones that are impacted by it and for the ones who enforce it. Weis (2012) reminds about three compositors cases of change that can be at an organizational level, such as developmental, transitional and transformational. Developmental change refers to improvements of what already exists. A good framework of developmental change is when a company improves a procedure or a process that exists within the organization like the cede time or the update of an HR policy. There is little stress involved in such change and it does not really bespeak to be of a larger scale and scope.The second type of organizational change reminded by Weiss (2012) is transitional change and it refers to implementing a known desired state, different from a current one. It is a type of change of a larger scale and it deals with a certain kernel of stress, unlike developmental change. A good example of transitional change is the merger or accomplishment procedure of a company. Another example when it comes to processes and procedures is about replacing them with tonic ones, like when a impertinently technology system is installed, replacing an older one. Transitional changes can unsettle jobs, can shake things in a company, and they c an also create new jobs, requiring training and hiring.The third type of change is the transformational ride which requires or involves the emergence of a new and unknown state for the company. When a company moves to a new and different target market it requires different strategies, as well as skills. Another good example of transformational change is when the CEO and executives of a company want to change the culture or/and the social structure of a company. This type of change is the requiring intensive focus and involving a lot of stress. It may be the most complicated among all three change types.The short-term objective that necessarily to be implemented by the executive is the open of a new store in Shanghai, China. Being a single event it may not require such intensive focus however, there are aspects of the matter that need to be highly considered. The system proposed for the opening of a new store in Shanghai is to reach the objective through a transitional change model. A good way to implement this change model is with the 7-S model.Waterman, Peters, and Philips (1980) explain that the 7-S Model for Organizational change examines seven key areas of the company, as well as the alliance of each of the elements one another. The 7 elements are grouped into two major categories, such as blue elements and hard elements. The elements are as follows strategy, structure, systems, shared set, style, staff, and skills. Through strategy, the company plans to maintain competitive advantage, while the structure refers to the hierarchy of the company. In both situations, the short and long-term, the hierarchy of the company suffers modifications and the executive needs to make original the employees and everyone affected by the change are ready to experience it. Systems refer to every-day processes through the company, while shared values refer to the core value of the company.The executive provide follow and enforce the shared values of the company in both the short-term and long-term events. Planning for the short-term and opening a new store in China, may be slightly difficult since it is the first time the company deals with such an action. That is why every step needs to be well calculated. It is the first time when the executive needs to come up with a plan involving the inventory of the new store, how it will be maintained, and how supply of products is made. Laws and regulations of China when it comes to retailing need to be considered properly.The first experience will be useful into creating the long-term strategy because it provides the experience necessary to such change within the company. No longer will the other managers and executives need to think locally and nationally. They have to think globally and that is a change required to be address in the first place. Since it involves opening a new store, the employees would be hired locally. This is a change that affects the managers because they will have to learn how the hiring process takes place in the country where the new stores are opened. The long-term strategy may not be as complex as the short-term strategy for change because there will be a precedent and the company will cope with the change easily.Conclusiontransaction with change can be challenging when a company focuses on going globally. This paper exposes the strategies an executive at a jewelry store has to deal with opening new store in China (a short-term objective) and other stores in the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Given the cultural diversity of these countries, hiring approaches, as well as the laws and regulations world different in these countries can make the achievement of the objectives more difficult.ReferencesWaterman, R. H., Peters, T. J., & Philips, J. R. (1980). Structure is not Organization. Retrieved from http//www.lmcuk.com/management-tool/the-7-s-model-for-organisational-change Weiss, J.W. (2012). Organizational Change. San Diego, C A Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Brave New World Essay

I am a medicate user, as is the bulk of society. Whether it be coffee or cocaine, any listen altering substance is defined as a do drugs. Even food these days is designed with habit-forming properties to make us want more(prenominal), and thus, deal more. Illicit drug dealers have the same aim. The product is fill with foul substances provided as long as people find it enjoyable to consume they buy it. Crack Addict, Chocoholic, ultimately they are both just by-products of an individual trying to make a dollar. The difference lies in what is socially acceptable and what is not. In Aldeous Huxleys ideal society portrayed in his novel Brave New cosmos, mind-altering substances are perfectly acceptable due to the government playacting the role of the drug dealer.The difference between the dealers of today and Huxleys dealers of the future is that the one(a)s of the future were more intelligent. The human beings State didnt introduce the drug Soma to make a profit from the actual drug but rather they made it freely available to allow the occurrence of the brave new human beings where mass production has hotshot to the wealth of the nation, and human life has lost its value. No one is anything more than an easily replaceable cell in the social body. No one can show their tube if their mind is constantly numb from excessive drug use. Soma is not bought but given protrude in rations, as if it were as essential as food. The Deltas reaction to having their Soma rations throw bulge out the window leads one to believe that Soma was even more important than food. People die without food, but the Deltas seemed to want to die without their Soma.The inhabitants of the Brave New World were conditioned to like Soma from their birth. Hypnotically taught lessons such(prenominal) as A gramme is always better than a damn. This is not such a crazy concept to grasp for this modern world. Hypnosis has recently been used in advertising. Advertising itself is everywhere on t he television, the radio, the local bus stop, on the bus, in the bus, outside the bus, on street walls, on huge billboards hulk over the metropolis that we call our home. If thats not enough you can even buy magazines, newpapers, books, catalogues and pamphlets, to sapidity at what youre going to buy next. This overload of information is frequently used by the drug industry of today. As musical artist Lazy Boy preachedwe have more prescription drugs directly than ever. Everycommercial on TV is a prescription drug ad. I cant watch TV for fourminutes without thinking I have five serious diseases. Like, Do youever wake up tired in the mornings? Oh my god, I have this, writethis down any(prenominal) this is, I have this Half the time you dont evenknow what the commercial is, in that locations people running through fields,or flying kites, or swimming in the ocean. Like, that is the greatdisease ever How do you get that? That disease comes with a hotchick and a puppyOh the appeal o f sickness In the Savage Reservation Linda drank excessive Mescal because she was in denial of that world, patronage the sickness it created she always went back for more because she enjoyed consuming it. Then upon her arrival to the World State she ironically couldnt handle it their either and went on Soma holiday. Her socially acceptable escape inevitably lead to her demise. Its worthy of note that Huxley left this world in similar fashion, famously taking hundred micrograms of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) on his deathbed. To emphasise my point Ill write a story that I concocted in that location once was a boy playing football with his sister when he spied a blue wapiti,It was a peculiar moose, not like any moose he had seen before.He walked over to it and joked to his sister What a fucked up looking mooseNo, youre the one thats fucked up the moose replied.The boy protested You are a talking mooseYou are talking to a moose satirised the blue moose.And with that the moose gob bled up the boy and left his sister on the field crying.The moral behind the story of the blue moose was that if you take drugs, drugs will take you. I believe too many people are eaten animated by the desire to experiment with the subconscious. I suppose this more frequently applies to harder drugs such as codswallops and opiates. Huxley was a pioneer of self-directed psychedelic drug use in a explore for enlightenment. The art of thinking is a valid one and should be explored but this should not imply a mind altered from its natural landed estate.To what point is thinking if thinking has no point? How could one express oneself when no one else understands your thoughts? I believe this styled search for enlightenment is futile. Hard drugs destroy people, not enlighten them. True self-revelation comes from individual thought, not experiencing what your brain can do when you mess up the balance. The inside(a) self that one finds through drug use has no genuine authenticity to i t. Anyone can enjoy good chocolate if they are fed it, just like how anyone can be enlightened if they come in the same shit.Karl Marx described religion as the opiate of the people. Huxley inversely comments in his text Brave New World Revisited that soma is the religion of the people. Opiates are dominantly used for pain relief and to induce a state of calmness. Is this what religion is used for? I believe the answer to that would depend on the individual. Despite this modern worlds condition and discrimination against difference no two persons are identical and what one truly believes in is dependant on the individual.As for Huxelys comment on the substitute for god being Soma the right behind the statement is evident in our own brave new world. Soma is a fictional substance and although it represents a drug in the story is could be used as a metaphor for a lot more. Money is just as addictive as the hardest methamphetamine. With the onset the owing(p) Depression bankers jum ped from the windows of their skyscrapers, I suppose that would be a side effect of greed and the dependence on materialist happiness. Its ironic that the building their happiness was built from was also used for their suicide.So ultimately, the consumerism of substance clapperclaw leads to more than the demise of the individual. It was the consumers money that funded the World State its our money that fuels the drug industry. This then backfires as we form a dependence on whatever they fed us.

Theories of Miscommunication

Throughout history the great unwashed had their media to communicate intimately matters of public interest. Therefore today stilt parley i. e. newspapers, magazines, journals, radio, television, film, video and many much are non new. The history of rush confabulation however evolved over time where by from each one polish was dominant during a certain period of time as discussed below. The oral communication refining was dominant during the pre-literate or pre-industrial time, they used the spoken joint for communication, vigor was indite, no news reports, television, and radio.Everything meant what it was supposed to mean, nothing was like read in the midst of the lines. The contrast of oral culture was memory. People relied on their memory, powerd a higher value on the present tense. Oral communication is still dominant in areas where the written culture does not exist. Their histories are verbally told by means of stories and myths. The written and printed communi cation culture started much or less 6000 old age ago with carvings and cave painting, phonetic alphabets put up been kn aver for little more than 3000 years ago, and writing as we know it today started way back in 800 BC.After the written word came into existence the spoken word became casual. Writing makes records for the creation of a historical sensibility for example skill. In 1450s a German, Johann Gutenberg invented the printed press. Publishing contributed to the advancement of literacy, publishing contributed to institutions much(prenominal) as schools and by the end of eighteenth century, printing press had created an entirely new in orchestrateation and nap communication culture.Electronic communication culture is todays new form of communication, the electronic and digital media dominate the mass communication culture. like a shot something is true because its on the television and internet not because its printed in the newspaper. In the 19th century, photography and film brought about the graphic revolution. Television however is the most dominant communication middling. When defining mass communication one has to define it from divergent perspectives because of its background and latest developments.For this reason mass communication has to be finished the various theoretic perspectives of mass communication which are. Media-materialist, emphasis is on the technical aspects and how engineering science of medium impacts on the nature of media messages and audiences for example difference between radio and television. Social culturist influence the kindly factors an media exertion and reception and functions of companionable media are emphasized. With the social materialist media and content are mainly seen as reflection on association.Mass communication has got central points such(prenominal) as communication, medium, message, and recipient, or audience, public nature of mass communication and diverse content of mass communication. A communicator is unremarkably a collective body a convention of people responsible for the production of programs, news bulletins, films, newspapers, websites and many more. A medium or a media is usually of technical nature and can involve complicated production and dispersal technologies and techniques. Also the channel through which the media content is transmitted and distributed. A message has both concrete and move up gist.It is concrete in the form of content being produced for example the newspaper story you can hold and read, a message is abstract in terms of the meat encoded in the content by the communicator and the meaning the reader, befooler,listener attaches to and derives from the content through their own interpretation of the content. An audience is heterogeneous and usually unknown, without audience there is no media. Other questions related to the focal points in any definition of mass communication are for instance what we mean by mass in mass communica tion? What do we mean by public sphere, publicness, and democracy?These questions feel been start outed from a number of theoretical perspectives. Lets look at the theories. Julia wood in her confine communication opening, explains theories scientific value and that it teaches us how to describe, interpret, understand, evaluate, and predict a phenomenon. It also o provides an over view of the development of a discipline. Its relations with other disciplines and its future developments. For example effect theories revolve about on the effect of the media on soulfulnessal behavior and the developed into a more holistic ascend to the effects of the media on party and culture in general.Effect theories started from a behaviorist perspective nearly associated with the positivism and behaviorism of the social sciences in the in the first part of the 1900s and then moved onto the more critical advancees presently practiced in the social sciences. Theory teaches us skills of descr ibing, interpreting understanding, evaluating, and predicting a phenomenon such skills can become entrenched in ways we take away to deal with our everyday relations such as relationships with colleagues and family members. Goals of theory are to then describe explain understand, predict control and reform.Theory has got twist blocks such as Ontology where we distinguish between devil broad views of humanity, determinism and humanism. Epistemology which in philosophical terms is the science of knowledge, we distinguish it between two varied schools the objective truth and inbred experience. Purpose according two Wood concerns the purpose of theory, its also distinguished between two schools the familiarist and situationalists. Focus the fourth building block is concerned with the two broad schools behaviorism and humanism.When evaluating theory Wood 200041-47 suggests five criteria scope, where we have to establish how well and how much a theory describes and explains, Testa bility, where a theory can be theorized about and investigated by different researchers and they arrive at the similar conclusion. Parsimony which refers to simplicity. A theory does not have to be complex. The fourth criterion is utility where theories need to have a practical value in terms of our understanding, controlling and improving of the phenomenon. The goals of mass media are to understand the structures involved and the human agency in influencing these structures.Understanding of the media and its structural relationships will come from different theoretical approaches as discussed below. Different authors have different ways of categorizing theories, Little John (1992341-374) distinguishes between macro and micro theories, Mcquail(200061-16) distinguishes between theories and approaches concerned with the relationships between media and society and between media and culture and a third branch of new theories and approaches concerned with relationships between new media and culture society.How we think about the power of media, the media effects on behavior, and the functions of the media in society and so on is usually done from a specific theoretical approach. Below we distinguish between the seven perspectives. The positivistic approach emphasizes on scientific methods on knowledge derived from scientifically processed and analyzed data about a phenomenon. The scientific method requires that all phenomena should be treated in the same way. In research the same rules and same requirements have to be applied and met regardless of the phenomena under investigation.Assumptions in positivism Application of the scientific method involves processes of empirical research which will yield objective findings and will ensure that no subjective elements intervene to influence the validity of the findings. This reasoning rests on the assumption that phenomenas are governed by universal laws which may be relevant through the application of the scientific me thod. It comp burn ups of certain fixed steps which must(prenominal) be followed by all researchers and requires use of standardized procedures and techniques.A researcher is only important in the sense that he or she must apply the method correctly. Empiricism is usually related to the born(p) sciences and is also called scientific method. The concepts of objectivity and measurement are highly valued. Behaviorism concentrates on the experimental abstract of human behavior. To a great degree this method still underlies the analysis of communication problems as kill within the framework of positivistic approaches Functionalism is usually associated with the sociology of Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) and Talcott Parsons (1902-1979).It concentrates on repetitive observable phenomena or observable indicators of phenomena. advantageousness and mass communication. In positivistic research the emphasis is mainly on the efficient working and focusing of the media, efficient production of media content, functions of the media, medias effect on people and society. Weaknesses of positivistic approach The weaknesses originated from the work of German sociologist Max Weber 91864-1920) he drew his work from Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) who emphasized the difference between the natural and social sciences.Dilthey maintained that as social researcher would only gain insight into the social world by not distancing himself or herself from it claiming to objective. Human action is not just observable response to stimuli but it is ground on interpretation and understanding. Although positivistic research may claim that its findings are objective because of its use of scientific methods, human behavior itself is scientific and based on values intentions, interpretations, understandings, meanings and contents which may differ from person to person group to group and circumstance to circumstance.Critical approach. The development of critical thinking on mass communication has a l ong history. Critical thinking about mass communication started with what is called mass society theory. Mass society theory was formulated at the turn of 19th century and continued through the middle of 20th century. Began as a reaction to technological innovation that in turn gave rise to industrialization and urbanization. Assumptions Media has the power to influence the minds of average people. Media has corrupt minds. Media can initiate social chaos. Critical theory todayCritical theorists today are primarily concerned about medias ideological manipulation of the large number and capitalistic use and misuse of the media by owners to foster capitalized values. We have to describe as closely as possible the ideological instrument of society. These are instruments such as church, the economy, military and media. These instruments are responsible for production, circulation and distribution of ideology. The concept of ideology is therefore the center of the critical approach. Assu mptions Media are symbolic forms of expressions for example literature,theatre ,paintings, and many more.Assumes that the media and its different forms and genres like editorial comments can be read as texts. There is a relationship between production conventions and ideologies. There is a close relationship between media politics and the economy. Political economy is an comprehensive for all those theories and analytical approaches which seek to understand how sparing and political relationships, interests and affiliations determine the nature and functioning of social institutions and the impact or lack of impact of these relationships on social transformation and development.Public sphere. A German philosopher Jurgen Habermas (1979) argues that the modern market oriented media undermine the idea of public sphere as a place for debate where consensus can be reached on the basis of which rational actions can be taken. Criticisms of critical theory. It does not realise the libert arian, informative, educational and democratizing use of goods and services of media. Does not acknowledge the entertainment value of media for billions of people. Production theory has its bottom in the phenomenology and symbolic interactionism.Phenomenology is a point of departure in the social sciences from the work of the Austrian philosopher Alfred Schutz (1899-1959) Assumptions verity is not coursen, but it is a structure of meanings constituted by human beings. The shared world is a pre structured word experienced inter subjectively. Symbolic internationalism centers on the process whereby meaning is socially constructed. Assumptions Reality is not given but created by human beings by virtue of their capacity to give meaning to their experiences. Meaning is embodied in symbols.On both phenomenology and symbolic interactionism emphasis is on meaning and how meaning is constructed. Semiotics is the study of signs and codes. How signs and codes convey meaning. The aim is to sharpen our critical awareness on the ways in which media use signs and codes to reflect represent and imitate aspects of reality with the purpose of conveying a message. technological determinism This focuses on the technology of mass communication and how such technology determines the nature of mass communication and its role in society and the lives of people.Its aim is that a single cause determines all other aspects of life. Like economic determinism and biological determinism. Criticism against technological determinism. Lacks empirical support, its based on experimental research Does not acknowledge other research Information society approach concerns the role of the new media, information and communication technology in society. Its three broad enquiries are definition, characterization and description of new media, impact of Information communication on society, and policy related to new media. Post structuralist approach. s characterized by new social, economic, technolo gical, global and heathenish dynamics. Post modernity societys structuralism emphasizes on the relationship between assign and its meaning and the role of the producer or author of texts to encode a specific meaning into texts. Post-colonial theory and Afrocentric approach seeks to situate and understand phenomena within the context of the larger and unequal geo political histories of global and cultural power. normative theory concerns the perceived and ideal roles of the media which are to play in a society or ought to exercise if certain social values are to be observed or attained.

Babes in Bollywood

This wallpaper is an effort to explore issues related to presentation of a woman in Hindi Cinema with the rootage of celluloid set out India directed by Mehboob Khan. This video was nominated for Academy Awards for Best foreign vocabulary film in the same year. This movie was remake of Aurat released in 1940 directed by Mehboob Khan. Mother India is wiz of the best Hindi movies. It is an excellent presentation of Indian woman in all her roles. Significance of movie increases exponentially, if one comp bes this movie with the socio-cultural perspective of the time of its release.It was a period of post indep barricadeence in India. plenty on one hand were taking up developmental issues whereas rural India was facing the similar problems of shylocks, Jamindari, caste, tender status and pride. Differences of caste, social status, culture, gender, language, interests and several others were common. In such scenario, thinking of overall growth of a society needed to bring e rea llyone together irrespective of their differences. Socio-cultural Perspectives Covered in the Movie Movie presents social purlieu of village where men and women have their predefined roles and responsibilities.Most of the women in the movie will be doing works like channelise water, grinding grains, working on fields along with their family members, cooking and other household works. They be pass judgment to behave in certain manner. The famous actress Nargis Dutt portrayed what is perhaps the ultimate politically correct sacrificial heroine in the 1957 release Mother India (a remake of the 1940 Aurat Woman). Persevering against corrupt moneylenders, abandonment, betrayal, monsoons, isolation, and death, Dutts image, Radha, provides the inspiration for her parole and her village to snuff it (Booth, 1995).Radha as a Bride As a young bride, Radha takes up all the responsibilities of households silently. She has shy and romantic relationship with her husband and respecting behav iour towards her mother-in-law. She does not let her mother-in-law do any household work, once the marriage notice is over. Radha is concerned about the family reputation and well-being and does not want family to be under any loan so she wants to pay off loan with her jewellery. On the other hand, expectations of a husband (Shamu) to see his wife pretty and asking her reasons of not wearing jewelleries and telling her to wear jewelleries.Radha has expectation from her husband to get his attention. These factors are beautifully presented in the movie. This movie presents expectations of society from a young bride and expectations of a young bride for her family and husband in a beautiful manner. Radha as a Wife Indian society expect wife to be devoted for all traditional duties and support her husband in all thick and thin. Radha in this movie has done the same. Radhas husband leaves her at young age due to his inability to take business organization of his family after the acci dent where he loses both his hands.Radha goes here and there searching for him and expects him to come back until the end of the movie. Radha sees his glimpse on her elder son and remembers him all the time whether it is festival or when she becomes grandmother. Radhas allegiance towards her husband is presentation of expectation of Indian society from the Hindu wives. Radha as a Mother Radha as a mother is brave mother. She adores her children, feed them and bring them up. Her children give her due respect. In the movie, it is shown that Radha shots Birju her younger son.This is something unconnected to the social norm and image of mother in society. Mother is expected to ignore all disadvantageously about her children and remember only one thing of her motherly love. Radha goes through hardships for the survival of her children. Wealthy Sukhilala the moneylender offers Radha money and food during flood and crisis in the exchange of her beauty, Radha for a moment becomes ready t o feed her demise children but as soon as she regains her conscious, she beats him up, comes back, struggles to find food, and survives.In this movie, various scenes have been presented in the way that the motherly love or the social depiction of mother is protected. As soon as Birju is shot, Radha throws the cash in ones chips and runs to hold him and Birju is surprised. This scene presents the unexpected behaviour in a manner that audience would accept and respect it. Radha as a Villager Radha as a member of a community holds certain responsibility for the stain and her village. During flood when people start leaving village, she requests them and urges them to stay.She thinks about wellbeing of her village. She beats up and even kills her son when she finds him doing something against honour of village. Her younger son tries to take away moneylenders daughter forcefully she refers the bourne Gaon ki beti (daughter of the whole village) for her. This was despite of the fact that the moneylender was root of all the problems in her life. RaConclusion There are very less woman centred movies are do in Bollywood. Number of movies with the theme where woman has been satisfactory to bring change in the society is very less.In most of the movies, woman has less significant roles as compared to male characters. The subject of the movie Mother India is not just bold but also it is though provoking. The movie was released in year 1957. This was a period of post independence. Women in the society had to follow very strict social norms and guidelines. The tolerance zone for behaviour of a woman outside these social norms was narrow. The character of Radha has not just followed these norms beautifully but also posed several questions about the women in the society. Radha made a choice for good by killing her son.The starting of movie indicates the progressing India with the Water Canal beginning by Radha, who is referred as Mother India. This movie has given fo od of thought to people. Radha was not just a character but also an agent to bring change. She was devoted wife like Goddess Sita and fierce Mother Goddess Kali twice first when she dealt with Sukhilala and second when she killed her son. Probably justifying Radhas character was the most challenging feel for the filmmaker, which he has done successfully. Radha did not leave her land even in the worst condition.Not just that she was equal to convince other villagers to stay for the good of all. Radha talked about welfare of land and the village. She was determined and proved her concerns of welfare of society. The most sympathetic factor of the movie was the representation of characters in contradictory modes. Character of Radha became more appealing and powerful with the contradictory representations. Mehboob Khan represented rural India and a rural woman in a manner that it not just offered entertainment values to the audience but also gave a pixilated social message to the soc iety.Reference Booth, G. D, Traditional Content and Narrative Structure in the Hindi Commercial Cinema, daybook Asian Folklore Studies, 542. (1995) Pg 169 Rosie Thomas, Sanctity and Scandal The Mythologization of Mother India, Quarterly Review of Film and television 113 (1989) 11-30 Images retrieved on 29 Oct 2007 from www. tribuneindia. com/2005/20050526/main1. htm www. oscarguy. com/Resources/Annual/30th. html www. afc. gov. au/ /archives/2006/04_oct. aspx www. afc. gov. au/images/puffs/motherindia1puff.jpg http//www. boloji. com/ film/062a. jpg http//hcl. harvard. edu/hfa/films/2006fall/melodrama. html dha as an Individual At each stage of her life, Radha has proven herself a strong woman. She has maintain her self-respect and courage. She did things that were socially right. She was right of selling off her jewellery and paying off as such(prenominal) debt as possible to avoid the consequences of loans and interest in the future life but as a female and youngest member of the family, she could not take decisions.She had taken up all the responsibilities with courage. Her character in any form reveals the purity which society expects from a woman. GANDHY and THOMAS comment on Radha , It is important to recognize that, passim the film, Radhas power or strength is integrally bound up with her respect for traditional values . . . it is as a paragon of wifely devotion and chastity . . . that she is accorded respect and authority (1991, 118 as cited by Booth 1995).